3．The need for a surgical operation，especially an emergency operation，almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family．Despite modern advances，most people still unreasonably fear hospitals and anesthetics （麻醉药）．Patients do not often believe they really need surgery---cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs．
In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery．A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time．Today the situation is different．Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago．The heart can be safely opened and its valves （阀门；心脏或血管的瓣膜） repaired．Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out，and broken ones mended or replaced．A lung，the whole stomach，or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life．However，not every surgeon wants to，or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation．
The scope（范围，广度，机会） of surgery has increased remarkably in this century．Its safety has increased too．Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910and surgery has been extended in many directions，for example to certain types of birth defects （缺陷） in newborn babies，and，at the other end of the scale，to life-saving operations for the octogenarian （八旬老人）．The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations．Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks．
Many developments in modern surgery are almost unbelievable．They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic； the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes； the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye； the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations．All these things open a hopeful vista （前景，远景） for the future of surgery．
One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants．Until a few years ago，no person，except an identical twin，was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them．Recently，however，it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs，it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more．Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins．Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals，though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved．
'Spare parts'surgery，the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones，is still a dream of the distant future．As yet，surgery is not ready for such miracles．In the meantime，you can be happy if your doctor says to you，'Yes，I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition．'
66．Surgeons in the early years of this century，compared with modern ones，A．
A．had less to learn about surgery
B．needed more knowledge
C．could perform every operation known today
D．were more trusted by their patients
67．Modern surgeonsC．
A．do not like to perform operations of the new type
B．are not as highly qualified as the older ones
C．are required to specialize more than their predecessors （前任们）
D．often perform operations which are not really needed
68．The main difficulty with organ transplants isC．
A．it is difficult to find organs of exactly the same size
B．only identical twins can give permission for their organs to be exchanged
C．the body's tendency to reject alien tissues
D．the patient is not allowed to use drugs after them
69．Spare parts'surgeryA．
A．has yet to become a reality
B．will be available in the near future
C．is only possible for animals
D．has been replaced by modern drug treatments
70．You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it meansA．
A．he thinks your condition may be curable
B．he is a good doctor
C．he knows you will survive
D．you are getting better already．
分析 本文讨论的主要是过去五十年来外科的飞速发展．本世纪初外科发展几乎没有专业技术，但现在的情形完全不同了，现代外科发展几乎难以置信，其最具革命性领域之一是器官移植．
解答 66．A 细节理解题．根据句子In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery在本世纪早期，外科手术几乎没有专门化．所以答案选A．
67．C推理判断题．根据句子not every surgeon wants to，or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation不是每一个外科医生都资格进行每一种现代手术．可见进行现代手术是要有资格的．所以答案选C．
68．C 细节理解题．根据句子though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved尽管人类的排异问题还有待解决．可见最大的问题是身体排斥外来组织的倾向．所以答案选C．
69．A 细节理解题．根据句子'Spare parts'surgery，the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones，is still a dream of the distant future"零配件"手术是一个简单的例行更换新器官的手术，仍然是一个遥远的未来的梦想．可见'Spare parts'surgery has yet to become a reality尚未成为现实，所以答案选A．
70．A 推理判断题．通过文章介绍的在过去的五十年来外科手术的飞速发展，现代外科竟然都有了一些令人惊讶的创新包括塑料心脏瓣膜，由此推断出如果你的外科医生能给你做手术，那么对于你的病的治疗就是很有把握的你应该高兴，所以答案选A．
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．
