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Heredity (遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.

       When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan darkly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one is born with a different ability to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun. Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite.

       Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, noblewomen did their best to keep skins as light as possible. A skin so pale was considered a mark

of great beauty and nobleness.

       During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, mines and mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made their skins pale. Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure (空闲)to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.

       In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions (化妆水)that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents.

1.Besides genes, our skin color has much to do with ______.

      A.exercise           B.sunshine          C.food               D.weight

2.Centuries ago in Europe, it was considered of great beauty to have ______.

       A.pale skin                           B.light-colored skin

       C.dark-colored skin                       D.a suntan

3.During the Industrial Revolution people began to like to have a tan because it was a sign of

          .

       A.good health          B.great strength       C.wealth                 D.youth

4.Pills and lotions have been invented in Western Europe and North America        .

       A.to make people look wealthy                 B.to smooth people’s skin

       C.to help people to have a quick tan          D.to protect people from suntan

5.What does the passage mainly tell us?

       A.Noblemen centuries ago did not like traveling.

       B.Attitudes towards the color of skin change with time.

       C.Exposure to sunlight is the only thing that determines skin color.

       D.Having a tan is considered a sign of wealth nowadays in North America.

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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Have you ever heard a news reporter talk about DNA? Reporters talk about DNA found at the scene of a crime. They talk about police finding DNA “fingerprints.” Police sometimes use DNA as a clue to find out who committed the crime.

DNA is a substance(物质) that makes up genes. Everything alive has genes. Plans have genes. Animals have genes. You have genes.

Genes are the basic units of heredity(遗传). Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents. You get your genes from your parents. You inherit half of your genes from your mother. You inherit half of your genes from your father.

Genes are a kind of code. A tree’s genes tell what shape its leaves will be. A cat’s genes tell what color its fur will be. Your genes tell what color your eyes will be. Your genes tell what color your hair will be. Everything about you comes from the code in your genes.

Genes line up on strands(链) called chromosomes(染色体) in cells. Everything alive is made up of cells. Chromosomes are in the center, or nucleus, of cells.

Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells. Your muscles are made of muscle celIs. Your skin is made of skin cells. The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells. The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work. They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself.

An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants. He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s. One of the things, or traits(特质), Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short. He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants. These units were later called genes.

In the mid-1900s, scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA. In the 1970s, scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering. Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases. Muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some genetic diseases-diseases caused by problems in genes. Today, scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy.

What is DNA?

A. DNA is a kind of gene.

B.. DNA is a substance that makes up genes.

C. DNA is the basic unit of heredity.

D. DNA is a measure to protect crime.

Which of the following about genes is correct according to the passage?

A. Plants, animals and human beings have the same genes.

B. Half people inherit all genes from their mother, others from their father.

C. Genes decide the trees shapes, the cats’ fur color and our eyes’ color as well.

D. Genes will give you a code when you need them.

Where are genes?

A. Genes lining up on strands called chromosomes are in the center of cells.

B. Genes hide in everything alive in your body.

C. Genes can be nowhere but in your mind, controlling all your actions.

D. Genes travel in your body and help cope skin, muscle, and eyes.

An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel         .

A. first saw inherited patterns in people

B. was interested in why plants were different

C. first called the units of heredity from parents genes

D. was the first who discovered genes

We can conclude that         .

A. scientists were less intelligent than monks in 1900s

B. some genes are bad and can cause diseases

C. we don’t need to worry about genetic diseases any longer

D. the discovery of genes may be of great help in our daily life

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Have you ever heard a news reporter talk about DNA? Reporters talk about DNA found at the scene of a crime. They talk about police finding DNA “fingerprints.” Police sometimes use DNA as a clue to find out who committed the crime.
DNA is a substance(物质) that makes up genes. Everything alive has genes. Plans have genes. Animals have genes. You have genes.
Genes are the basic units of heredity(遗传). Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents. You get your genes from your parents. You inherit half of your genes from your mother. You inherit half of your genes from your father.
Genes are a kind of code. A tree’s genes tell what shape its leaves will be. A cat’s genes tell what color its fur will be. Your genes tell what color your eyes will be. Your genes tell what color your hair will be. Everything about you comes from the code in your genes.
Genes line up on strands(链) called chromosomes(染色体) in cells. Everything alive is made up of cells. Chromosomes are in the center, or nucleus, of cells.
Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells. Your muscles are made of muscle celIs. Your skin is made of skin cells. The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells. The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work. They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself.
An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants. He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s. One of the things, or traits(特质), Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short. He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants. These units were later called genes.
In the mid-1900s, scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA. In the 1970s, scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering. Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases. Muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some genetic diseases-diseases caused by problems in genes. Today, scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy.
【小题1】 What is DNA?

A.DNA is a kind of gene.
B.DNA is a substance that makes up genes.
C.DNA is the basic unit of heredity.
D.DNA is a measure to protect crime.
【小题2】 Which of the following about genes is correct according to the passage?
A.Plants, animals and human beings have the same genes.
B.Half people inherit all genes from their mother, others from their father.
C.Genes decide the trees shapes, the cats’ fur color and our eyes’ color as well.
D.Genes will give you a code when you need them.
【小题3】Where are genes?
A.Genes lining up on strands called chromosomes are in the center of cells.
B.Genes hide in everything alive in your body.
C.Genes can be nowhere but in your mind, controlling all your actions.
D.Genes travel in your body and help cope skin, muscle, and eyes.
【小题4】An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel         .
A.first saw inherited patterns in people
B.was interested in why plants were different
C.first called the units of heredity from parents genes
D.was the first who discovered genes
【小题5】 We can conclude that         .
A.scientists were less intelligent than monks in 1900s
B.some genes are bad and can cause diseases
C.we don’t need to worry about genetic diseases any longer
D.the discovery of genes may be of great help in our daily life

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The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial(线粒体)DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says.
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“Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen.
In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships.
“Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen.
In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.
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【小题1】What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe?
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【小题2】We can learn from the passage that _______.

A.there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication
B.data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from
C.Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East
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A.It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships.
B.It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research.
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DNA is a substance(物质) that makes up genes. Everything alive has genes. Plans have genes. Animals have genes. You have genes.

Genes are the basic units of heredity(遗传). Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents. You get your genes from your parents. You inherit half of your genes from your mother. You inherit half of your genes from your father.

Genes are a kind of code. A tree’s genes tell what shape its leaves will be. A cat’s genes tell what color its fur will be. Your genes tell what color your eyes will be. Your genes tell what color your hair will be. Everything about you comes from the code in your genes.

Genes line up on strands(链) called chromosomes(染色体) in cells. Everything alive is made up of cells. Chromosomes are in the center, or nucleus, of cells.

Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells. Your muscles are made of muscle celIs. Your skin is made of skin cells. The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells. The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work. They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself.

An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants. He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s. One of the things, or traits(特质), Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short. He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants. These units were later called genes.

In the mid-1900s, scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA. In the 1970s, scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering. Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases. Muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some genetic diseases-diseases caused by problems in genes. Today, scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy.

1. What is DNA?

A. DNA is a kind of gene.

B.. DNA is a substance that makes up genes.

C. DNA is the basic unit of heredity.

D. DNA is a measure to protect crime.

2. Which of the following about genes is correct according to the passage?

A. Plants, animals and human beings have the same genes.

B. Half people inherit all genes from their mother, others from their father.

C. Genes decide the trees shapes, the cats’ fur color and our eyes’ color as well.

D. Genes will give you a code when you need them.

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A. Genes lining up on strands called chromosomes are in the center of cells.

B. Genes hide in everything alive in your body.

C. Genes can be nowhere but in your mind, controlling all your actions.

D. Genes travel in your body and help cope skin, muscle, and eyes.

4.An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel         .

A. first saw inherited patterns in people

B. was interested in why plants were different

C. first called the units of heredity from parents genes

D. was the first who discovered genes

5. We can conclude that         .

A. scientists were less intelligent than monks in 1900s

B. some genes are bad and can cause diseases

C. we don’t need to worry about genetic diseases any longer

D. the discovery of genes may be of great help in our daily life

 

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Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A – F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

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76.________________

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77.________________

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80.________________

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