Many strong and out-of-control emotions are recognized as an illness. People who are always very sad have depression (抑郁症); those who worry a lot have anxiety.
But what about anger problems? Anger is largely viewed as a secondary emotion – one caused by other emotions. People are thought to be angry because they are sad, anxious or stressed. In the past, many doctors didn’t accept the idea that anger could be a problem all on its own.
Today, though, a growing number of mental health experts think that anger is a serious problem that needs its own treatment.
How to tell the difference between “normal” anger and “anger problem” is difficult. After all, everyone gets really mad from time to time. Experts point out a few ways.
Disordered anger, as it is sometimes called, tends to be of greater intensity (强度). It takes very little to set off a person with an anger problem, and their responses (反应) are very strong. An example: While most people would get upset if a driver cut them off, someone with disordered anger might try to chase down the car and force it off the road.
And in cases of disordered anger, the person gets angry more frequently and his/her anger lasts longer. For most people, angry feelings disappear quickly. But people with anger problems often stay angry for days, weeks or even years; their feelings of anger don’t disappear over time.
Consequences are also important to consider: Disordered anger often damages people’s lives. “It interferes (干扰) with people’s relationships and their jobs,” says Raymond Chip Tafrate, a US psychologist. “Even their health is affected.”
Anger clearly increases the risk of certain health problems, as many studies have shown. “When a person is angry, their heart beats faster and their blood pressure goes up,” says Howard Kassinove, a professor at Hofstra University in New York. Over time, these changes take their toll on the body, he adds.
Experts suggest that people with an anger problem take anger-management programs. The programs teach people to control their responses to stressful situations through the use of relaxation techniques. The programs sometimes include life-skills training as well: increasing someone’s level of competence (竞争)– whether on the job or as a parent or partner – helps bring down stress and cut angry feelings.
【小题1】A person who _________ most possibly has disordered anger in the experts’ opinion?

A．can’t get out of anger quickly

B．is dissatisfied with relationships

C．has high blood pressure

D．is worried about his job

【小题2】What does the underlined word Consequences mean?

A．Responses.

B．Effects.

C．Reasons.

D．Feelings

【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Anger is an secondary emotion that makes people sad and stressed.

B．Anger was recognized as an illness by most doctors in the past.

C．A person with an anger problem gets angry more often and easily.

D．The use of relaxation techniques is the best way to manage anger.

【小题4】 What is the best title of the passage?

A．Can anger be an illness?

B．Is it disordered anger?

C．Can anger influence our life?

D．Is anger management important?

Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the language of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present-day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago, English was a little known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.
If a language has a number of speakers, or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of people. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can’t understand speakers from other parts.
【小题1】The first paragraph mainly tells us that_______.

A．most people in the world speak Chinese

B．there are thousands of languages in today’s world

C．man has much knowledge about languages

D．some people know several languages

【小题2】Most European and Indian languages_______.

A．will soon die out completely

B．were once a relative of English

C．are no longer spoken

D．come from the same family of language.

【小题3】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Chinese is the language with the most speakers.

B．English was a well-known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.

C．A language has many speakers, but there may be no differences in the way it is spoken in different areas.

D．Speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can understand speakers from other parts.

【小题4】It is considered a most difficult thing for one to learn to speak Chinese because_______.

A．there are great differences between the dialects of Chinese

B．Chinese and many foreign languages are not of the same family

C．Chinese is a very old language

D．there are great differences between the old Chinese and the present-day Chinese

【小题5】The underlined word “dialect” in the last paragraph means_______.

A．a special language spoken by Chinese

B．the sign used by Chinese people in a special area

C．the difference between the old and today’s Chinese

D．the form of a language used in one part of the country

When you watch TV and play video games you make global(全球的) warming worse! It may seem hard to believe, but when electricity is made, so are greenhouse gases(温室气体). This means that every time you use electricity you help make global warming worse!

Cars are also making global warming worse. They burn fossil fuels(化石燃料) in their engines, and send lots of greenhouse gases into the air.

Global warming may be a big problem, but we can all help stop it. People can try to drive their cars less. Or even get ones that run on sunlight! You can also help. Let’s try one of these top ideas:

(1) Try to use less electricity. Turn off lights, your television, and your computer when you’ve stopped using them. To make electricity, fossil fuels are burned in big factories. But burning fossil fuels also makes greenhouse gases. You should also try to watch less TV.

(2) Plant trees. Not only is it a fun thing to do, but it is also a great way to lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air when they grow.

(3) Don’t throw away your rubbish, try to recycle it. If rubbish is not recycled, it is put in the ground. There it rots(腐烂) and makes a greenhouse gas called methane(甲烷).So try to recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. It’ll make you feel great! And it’ll help the Earth.

1.If we _____, we may make global warming worse.

A．use less electricity                      B．drive a car on sunlight

C．plant trees                            D．throw away rubbish

2.We may use more electricity by______.

A．turning off lights                        B．shutting down computers

C．turning up CD players                    D．turning off TV

3.______ will make global warming worse.

A．Methane          B．Cans             C．Newspapers       D．Bottles

4.Using less electricity does good to global warming because_______.

A．the less electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced

B．the more electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced

C．more electricity is used, less greenhouse gases are produced

D．less electricity is used, more greenhouse gases are produced

5.Which is the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．Driving cars on sunlight helps to stop global warming.

B．When cars burn fossil fuels, they produce greenhouse gases.

C．When trees grow, they send carbon dioxide into the air.

D．By planting more trees, we can lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air.

 

C

Like many people ,I have no clear idea about heroes . A t some point , we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is.

Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics (特点) which give us courage  and make us want to learn from them.

A hero does something worth (值) talking about, A hero has a special story to tell and people think highly of it. But a hero is not just person with great fame (声誉).

A hero has power(力量) larger than himself . Some people want to live like a hero. And they have to experience life with new and further meaning .A sure test for would- be heroes is what or whom they serve. What do they want to live and die for? If their answer suggests they serve only own fames, they may be famous persons but not heroes.

A hero has a vision from the mountain top .He has the power to move people . He creates new possibility. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain, Without Martin Luther King .Jr, Americans might take different parks , and shop in different stores of the different colors of their skins.

There might be changes in society without a hero, but the speed of the change would be rather slow . Thanks to heroes in history ,they make the society develop so rapidly.

1.` According to this passage , a hero is a person who always ____

A．gives us courage	B．thinks highly of others
C．shares great fames	D．stands on the mountain top

2. I f you want to live like a hero , you should ____|

A．experience a new and meaningful life

B．listen to something worth talking about

C．serve your own fame and try to be famous

D．know where and how you want to live and die

3. The underlined word” vision” in the passage means____

A．风景

B．想象

C．远见

D．形象

4. Black people in American used to ___ before Martin Luther King Jr.

A．shop at the white’s store	B．drive buses with the white
C．take walks in the white’s park	D．eat in restaurants without the white

5. What can we learn from the passage ?

A．we don’t need heroes anymore at some point now

B．heroes are all the same though different in culture

C．people get power from heroes to move to a new place

D．our society has developed faster because of heroes in history.

 

All over the world, the global diet includes fast food—prepared items from inexpensive restaurants, snack bars, or food stands. Some examples of American fast food are hamburgers, hot dogs, sandwiches, fried chicken, and so on. Some types of international fast foods might be German sausage and Schnitzel, Italian pizza, Japanese sushi and tempura, Chinese eggrolls and noodles and the like. The variety of fast foods all over the world is growing. Even so, this kind of style is becoming worldwide. Fast-food places usually prepare and serve the items quickly. Many are part of fast-food chains (eating places with the same name and company owner). For example, the biggest and most famous American fast-food chain serves hamburgers in nearly every part of the world.

   For several reasons, many people choose fast food. First, it is quick and convenient. Second, it is cheaper than special home-cooked meals or formal restaurant dinners. And third, it is easy to find every eating place with the same company name. The atmosphere and style of most fast-food places is casual, comfortable, and familiar.

Why do other eaters stay away from this fast, easy kind of nourishment? The main reason is its low nutritional value. Fast food doesn’t have large amounts of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and the like-elements necessary for good nutrition and health. In contrast (相反), most types of fast food have a lot of fat, sugar, or salt in them. Possibly, these things can cause or increase health disorders, like heart disease, and some kinds of cancer. Recently, these quick and easy kinds of world wide nourishment are generally getting better and more healthful. For example, many fast-food restaurants now have put vegetable items on their menus.

   Of course, human beings around the world don’t always eat in fast-food places.The variety of food choices is large now and is probably going to increase. The number of food preparation methods is growing too. Cooking customs, eating habits, and food preferences all over the world are becoming more healthful. In these and other ways, the global diet is changing.  

1.From Paragragh 1,we can know that __________________.

A. America serves four kinds of fast food

B. we used to have more types of fast food

C. different countries have different types of fast food

D. America serves fewer fast food than other countries

2.The underlined phrase “stay away from” means __________.

    A. move away from   B. disorder   C. get out of    D. dislike

3.The passage is mainly about ___________.

A. the changing global diet    

B. the increasing types of diet

C. the reason why people choose fast food

D. the reason why people dislike fast food