题目列表(包括答案和解析)
| 阅读理解。 | |
certain methods and procedures to obtain new knowledge and greater understanding. Although the methods are not always the same, there are usually certain elements in the procedures that are similar. 1. （ ） Problems must first of all be recognized. The right answers can be obtained only if the right questions are asked. A thoroughly understood problem is well started toward solution. Problems arise in a variety of ways. Sometimes they grow out of a chance observation. They may result from reading, from laboratory experiments, or simply from thinking. They also may result from new developments or from new or different human needs. Today, for example, problems are arising from new discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics, biological engineering and microelectronics. The development of industry has also brought about large numbers of problems which have to be solved. 2. （ ） Next, the scientist tries to learn as much as possible about it. Often this means going to the library and studying books which contain accounts of man's experience and knowledge of the problem. This is called searching the literature. The scientist may find that others have already solved all or a part of the problem. Occasionally he finds answers to closely related questions, which give clues for solving the new one. In his search the scientist accumulates much background information. With these new ideas and facts he builds a firm foundation for solving the problem. 3. （ ） After the scientist has finished this part of his work he will probably take the many facts which he has collected and organize them into some kind of system. This may be a logical classification or it may be a mathematical analysis. Usually the analysis will show unanswered questions. Sometimes it will suggest areas that are in need of further study. Perhaps one of the most important results of such an analysis is that it indicates certain truths, which generally are called inferences. 4. （ ） In making an inference the scientist has built up a hypothesis. A hypothesis is only a"best" guess. It must next be tested. If it is correct, the certain things should follow. This means if a particular experiment is carried out, certain observation ought to be possible or it should be possible to make certain predictions. Should the observations or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis. If, however, observations cannot be made or the predications are unreliable, then the hypothesis will probably be given up or at least modified. 5. （ ） The hypothesis must check with the facts. Scientific facts are usually established by work in the laboratory. Experiments have to be made under carefully controlled conditions. Thorough and accurate records must be kept. In making certain kinds of experiments in science variables are used. A variable is something which has different values under different conditions. In one type of laboratory test all the variables but one are controlled. This method of testing is called controlled experimentation. |
| 完形填空。 | ||||
| In some areas of the world the weather is very 1_____ and this fact plays an important part in the daily lives of the people. 2_____ they are farmers, fishermen, or sailors, for instance, they 3_____ know about these changes ahead of time. Space scientists and airplane pilots 4_____ need weather 5_____. 6_____ earliest time, men have 7_____ the sky, the wind, and the atmosphere, as well as a variety of other weather signs, in order to make weather 8_____. But often their weather predictions have not been accurate (准确的). Now there are government bureaus (局处) in many places that 9_____ weather conditions very carefully. They use a lot of scientific 10_____ to help them make their forecasts (预报). For instance, they have instruments to 11_____ speed and direction of the wind. Thus they can predict the 12_____ of a storm. They have special balloons, ships, and airplanes to help them 13_____ their accuracy, and they make use of radar, satellites and computers to gather 14____ information. Today when a 15_____ takes off from an airport, he 16_____ know what kind of weather to expect when he reaches his destination (目的地). If there is 17_____ rain or snow in the mountains, a weather bureau can predict the day and 18_____ the hour that a river may overflow (使涨满) its banks many miles away. When a storm is moving in a certain 19_____, the people in that area can learn of it ahead of time and 20_____ it. | ||||
|
湖北省互联网违法和不良信息举报平台 | 网上有害信息举报专区 | 电信诈骗举报专区 | 涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区 | 涉企侵权举报专区
违法和不良信息举报电话：027-86699610 举报邮箱：58377363@163.com