语 态 式 主动语态 被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词1)一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.2)被动式:He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会.3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.4)完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.5)否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.6)复合结构:物主代词+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.2.动名词的句法功能:1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.It’s no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的.2)作表语:In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国.蚁后的工作是产卵.3)作宾语:They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语.如上面两个例句.此外.动名词作宾语时.若跟有宾语补足语.则常用形式宾语it.例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit.deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent-,keep -from,stop-(from),protect-from,set about, be engaged in, spend-(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4)作定语: He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你们学校有游泳池吗?5)作同位语:The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞.他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.(三)现在分词:现在分词既具有动词的一些特征.又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.1.现在分词的形式:现在及 物 动 词 write不及物动词go分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式having written having been writtenhaving gone否定式:not + 现在分词1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生.完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生.常作状语.例如:They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业.他开始打兰球.2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作.完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍.这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.2.现在分词的句法功能:1)作定语:现在分词作定语.当分词单独做定语时.放在所修饰的名词前.如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中.他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能.如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking. 2)现在分词作表语:The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时.也可能是现在分词做表语.它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时.而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.3)作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如:Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.4)现在分词作状语:A)作时间状语: Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时.他是一名先进工人.B)作原因状语:Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员.他经常帮助他人.C)作方式状语.表示伴随:He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里.又擦又洗.D)作条件状语:(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩.你就会浪费宝贵的时间.E)作结果状语:He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了.结果摔得粉碎.F)作目的状语:He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.G)作让步状语:Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大.但不久天就晴了.H)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时.一只鸟落到我头上.All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了.他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许.我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with +名词+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.H)作独立成分:Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看.他一定是个演员.Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来.女孩子更细心.(四)过去分词:过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求.要一一记住.过去分词的句法功能:1.过去分词作定语:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.注意当过去分词是单词时.一般用于名词前.如果是过去分词短语.就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.2.过去分词作表语:The window is broken. 窗户破了.The were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意be + 过去分词.如果表示状态是系表结构.如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别:The window is broken.The window was broken by the boy.有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的.不表示被动.只表示完成.如:boiled water fallen leavesnewly arrived goods the risen sunthe changed world这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.3.过去分词作宾语补足语:I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了.他们出去玩去了.4.过去分词作状语:Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬.他成为父母的骄傲.Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见.人们就忘不了.Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间.我能做得更好.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险.他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧.他走进山洞.5.过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了.图书管理员很高兴.The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了.他开始撒种子.非谓语动词用法对比知识要点:1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的.一般的行为.不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为.例如:Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作.It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的.2.常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3.常用动名词做主语的句型有:It’s no good doing.It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.It’s worth while doing.1.不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作.His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力.2.动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释.这时主语与表语位置可以互换.动名词常用于口语中.Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的的专职工作是产卵.3.现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,进行时表示正在进行的动作.The task of this class is practising the idioms. With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. 4.常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等.现在分词表示进行与主动.The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人.The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解.5.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态.而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作.The village is surrounded by high mountains.The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.He is well educated.He has been educated in this college for three years.常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等.6.注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest.surprise.frighten.excite.tire.please.puzzle.satisfy.amuse.disappoint.inspire.worry它们的现在分词常修饰物.表示主动.过去分词常修饰人.表示被动(包括某人的look.voice等).例如:Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人.They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三.不定式与动名词做宾语:1.下列动词跟不定式做宾语:want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等.2.在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent-, keep-from, stop-, protect-from, set about, be engaged in, spend-(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等.3.在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同.不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作.而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前.常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.He forgot to tell me to post the letter.I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票.Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里.记得给我们写信.I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他.I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了.They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划.He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐.She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说.但也不能使她忘记伤心事.I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你.A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人.4.动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时.用主动式代替被动式.The washing-machine needs repairing.(或用:needs to be repaired)这台洗衣机需要修理.The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到.This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读.The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究.1.以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbidThe doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天.We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位.(注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补.)2.有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式.这些动词有:see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等.例如:We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子.The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作.注意当make.have不做“迫使.让 讲.而做“制造.有 解时.跟带有to的不定式做状语.Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日.He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开.3.下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等.用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补.要看分词与宾语的关系.例:We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候.听见他正唱那首歌.We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了.五.非谓语动词做定语:1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后.表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作.例如:He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干.Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的.2.动名词与现在分词做定语的区别:动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途,现在分词做定语.表示所修饰名词进行的动作.a walking stick 拐杖(动名词做定语.意为a stick for walking)a sleeping car 卧铺车厢(动名词做定语.意为a car for sleeping)the rising sun 正在升起的太阳(现在分词做定语.意为the sun which was rising)the changing world 变化中的世界(现在分词做定语.意为the world which is changing)3.现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别:过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作.现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作.如:a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息(意同a piece of news which disappointed us)in the following years 在后来的几年中(意同in the years that followed)a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士(意同a woman who is dressed well)a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车(意同a car which was parked at the gate)六.不定式与分词做状语:1.不定式做状语.只表示目的.结果或原因:He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中.发现钱被盗了.To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚.他提高了嗓门.All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步.我们都很吃惊.(原因状语)2.分词做状语可表示时间.条件.原因.伴随.让步.方式:Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看.这座城市很美.Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时.他发现父亲生气了.Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了.但他们继续工作.Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子.那个小男孩哭了.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里.尝了尝.笑了.看起来挺高兴.[专项训练]:1.They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow2.Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest4.The next morning she found the man in bed, dead. A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying5.Only one of these books is . A.worth to read B.worth being read C.worth of reading D.worth reading6.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch7.Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting8.She didn’t remember him before. A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met9. ――Good morning. Can I help you? ――I’d like to have this package , madam. A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed10.There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11.The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind. A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied12.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy13.The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing14.I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed15.John was made the truck for a week as a punishment. A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing16.I would appreciate back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you’re calling17.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes . A.open B.to be opened C.to open D.opening18. a reply, he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received19.Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented20. “Can’t you read? Mary said to the notice. A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing21.Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle. A.ride, ride B.riding, ride C.ride, to ride D.to ride, riding22.The missing boys were last seen near the river. A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play23.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added24.The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written25.We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met26.――You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ――Well, now I regret that. A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done27.The patient was warned oily food after the operation. A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating28. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Losting B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose29.――Is this raincoat yours? ――No, mine there behind the door. A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 查看更多

 

题目列表(包括答案和解析)

按每个小题后的要求做题,将答案写在题上。 

1. A: He said, “She left 10 minutes ago.”  (改为间接引语)

B: He said that she ________ _________ 10 minutes _________..

2. Tom is such an honest boy that he never tells a lie.  (改为同义句)

Tom is so _____ ______ _______ that he never tells a lie.

3. I felt that it was time for me to _________ __________. (采取行动)

4. Why not bring your little brother with you? (改为同义句)

Why _______ ________ bring your brother with you?

5. We must think of ways to ______ wild animals _______ being killed. (阻止)

6. A railway is being built by the workers. (变为主动语态).

The workers ______ _______ a railway.

7. I met Kate in the street yesterday. (强调划线部分)

It was _______ _______ I met Kate in the street.

8. He is seldom late for school. (改为同义句)

Seldom_______ ________ late for school.

9. _____ ______ these interruptions, the meeting would have finished half an hour ago. (要不是)

10. When did the Roman Empire ______ _______ ________? (形成)

 

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Ⅳ写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节 基础写作(共1小题,满分15分)

我国成功加入WTO以来,我们与国际的交流越来越多,英语成为主要的交流工具,同时我们的文化也在国际上进一步传播,我们作为中国文化的传承者应该做好哪些细节呢?请根据以下提示写一篇短文:

[写作内容]

1. 我们是文明古国,有着传统的文化传统;

2. 讲文明从多说文明话语做起,即使是一声简单的“谢谢”也会发挥重要作用;

3. 不随地扔垃圾,不在公共场所大声喧哗;

4. 常保持微笑是我们表达友好的最佳身势语;

5. 主动向有需要的人伸出援助之手。

[写作要求]

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;      2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]    句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

 

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按每个小题后的要求做题,将答案写在题上。 

1. A: He said, “She left 10 minutes ago.”  (改为间接引语)

B: He said that she ________ _________ 10 minutes _________..

2. Tom is such an honest boy that he never tells a lie.  (改为同义句)

Tom is so _____ ______ _______ that he never tells a lie.

3. I felt that it was time for me to _________ __________. (采取行动)

4. Why not bring your little brother with you? (改为同义句)

Why _______ ________ bring your brother with you?

5. We must think of ways to ______ wild animals _______ being killed. (阻止)

6. A railway is being built by the workers. (变为主动语态).

The workers ______ _______ a railway.

7. I met Kate in the street yesterday. (强调划线部分)

It was _______ _______ I met Kate in the street.

8. He is seldom late for school. (改为同义句)

Seldom_______ ________ late for school.

9. _____ ______ these interruptions, the meeting would have finished half an hour ago. (要不是)

10. When did the Roman Empire ______ _______ ________? (形成)

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附加题(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)

按每小题后的要求做题,将答案写在题上。(每空写一词)

1. It’s no use _______ _______ him over the matter. (和……争论)

2. Our class is made up of 55 students. (改为同义句)

Our class _______ ________ 55 students.

3. He t_______ _______ _______ _______ his friends when he became famous. (不理睬……)

4. A new hospital will be built by the local government. (改为主动语态)

The local government ______ ______ a new hospital.

5. He made much progress ______ ______ ______ ______ his hard work. (由于……的结果)

6. I took a note of ten suggestions he gave us. Not all of the suggestions were of value.  (合并成一个句子)

I took a note of ten suggestions he gave us, not all ______ _____ were of value.

7. Do you know who is ______ ______ for the broken glasses? (该受到责备)

8. It is easy to answer this question. (改为同义句)

This question is easy _____ _____.

9. You can go out as ______ ______ you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.  (只要)

10. As I didn’t know how to deal with the problem, I turned to my parents for help. (改为同义句)

______ ______ how to deal with the problem, I turned to my parents for help.

 

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Ⅳ写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 基础写作(共1小题,满分15分)
我国成功加入WTO以来,我们与国际的交流越来越多,英语成为主要的交流工具,同时我们的文化也在国际上进一步传播,我们作为中国文化的传承者应该做好哪些细节呢?请根据以下提示写一篇短文:
[写作内容]
1. 我们是文明古国,有着传统的文化传统;
2. 讲文明从多说文明话语做起,即使是一声简单的“谢谢”也会发挥重要作用;
3. 不随地扔垃圾,不在公共场所大声喧哗;
4. 常保持微笑是我们表达友好的最佳身势语;
5. 主动向有需要的人伸出援助之手。
[写作要求]
1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;      2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]    句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

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