4. 关系代词who / that的作用:
a. 做代词, 代替先行词
b. 在从句中担任句子成分:主语或宾语
c. 做连词, 把主句和从句连接起来
3. 结构比较
(1)人(n.)+ who +从句
比较:一位漂亮的女孩 a beautiful girl beautiful是形容词做定语
a girl who is beautiful 从句做定语 (girl是先行词)
(2)物(n.)+ that + 从句
比较:一本有趣的书 an interesting book 形容词做定语
a book that is interesting 从句做定语 (book是先行词)
2. 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。在本单元中,我们只涉及到关系代词。
例如: I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。
music是先行词,that I can dance to 是定语从句修饰 music ,其中,that 是关系代词引导定语从句。
又如I prefer singers who can write their own songs. 我喜爱能自己写歌的歌星。
singers 是先行词,who can write their own songs是定语从句修饰singers, 其中,who是关系代词。
1. 请对比下面两个短语
a. a lovely girl 一个可爱的女孩 在这个短语中,lovely是形容词做定语来修饰名词girl.
b. a girl who likes purple 一个喜欢紫色的女孩 who likes purple 是一个句子来修饰名词girl,它的作用与lovely相同,都是做定语修饰名词girl,我们把它称为定语从句。
12. There’s just so much to see and do here. 在这里有许多可看可做的事.
11. As the name suggests, the band has lots of energy.
正如乐队的名字所暗示的那样, 这支乐队非常具有活力.
10. Few have stranger names than this band.
有几支(乐队)的名字比这只乐队更奇怪.
few 代词, 有一点儿 修饰可数名词, 相当于 few bands.
9. Over the years, we’ve seen musical groups with pretty strange names come and go.
多年来,我们看到许多拥有相当奇怪名字的音乐组合在乐坛上来来往往。
see sb do sth 看见某人做某事,do 前面省略不定式to.
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
pretty strange names 相当奇怪的名字 pretty,副词,意思是“相当,十分”
8. be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事的;一定要做某事的
e.g. It is sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。
You’re sure to fail if you do it that way. 如果你那么做肯定要失败的。
Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信告诉我你的消息。
7. It does have a few good features, though. 然而它的确有些优点。
does 在句子中表示强调,意思是“真的,的确”。如果省略,原句可写成 It has a few good features, though.
e.g. As you know, I do like that car very much.
如你所知,我真的喜欢那辆小汽车。
though
(1)adv. 副词,用于口语中,in spite of this; however; 意思是 ‘尽管如此,然而’,放在句尾。
(2)e.g. I expect you’re right--- I’ll ask him ,though.
我认为你说得对--- 我去问问他也好。
She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.
她答应要打电话来,但我没听到回信儿。
(3)conj. 连词,although; despite the fact that 意思是“虽然,尽管”,放在句首或句中, 不与but连用。
e.g. She won the first prize, though none of us had expected it.
她得了头奖,虽然这件事我们都没想到。
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