2. 一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。

1)　 一般在动词后加-s词尾。如，come-comes live-lives

2)　 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，

teach-teaches　 catch-catches　 wish-wishes　 wash-washes

miss-misses　 guess-guesses　 mix-mixes　 fix-fixes

go-goes　　　 do-does

3)　 以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，

Try-tries　 study-studies　 reply-replies　 fly-flies

3look的用法

1)　　　　 look like看起来象，其中like 是介词。如，He looks like his father.

2)　　　　 look at看。。如，Look at the blackboard.

3)　　　　 look the same看起来很像。如，Lucy and Lily look the same.

4)　　　　 look for寻找.如，They are looking for the lost child.

5)　　　　 look over(医生)检查The doctor is looking over the old woman.

6)　　　　 Look up抬头看；(在词典或参考书中)查找 He’s looking up at the picture.

1. 动词的时态-----一般现在时态

在英语中,不同时间发生的动作和情况,要用不同的动词形式表示.这种不同的动词形式叫做动词的时态.我们初级阶段接触到的动词的时态主要有: 一般现在时态, 一般过去时态, 一般将来时态,现在进行时态,过去进行时态,现在完成时态,过去完成时态. 判断一个句子使用什么时态主要看这个句子中的动词,其次看句子中的副词和时间状语. 在这讲中我们先来学习一般现在时态.

一般现在时态

一般现在时的用法:

l. 表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. I have lunch every day.

　还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我姐姐是一位老师．My sister is a teacher.

一般现在时态经常与often(经常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually(通常)等副词连用，也经常与every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次)，twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。

　一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。

1) be动词包括am，is，are. 中文为"是"， 这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。 "am" 用于第一人称单数(I); "is" 用于第三人称单数(he，she，it); "are "用于第一人称复数(we)，第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数( they)。 可以记住以下顺口溜： am管 "我"， is管"，她，它，他"， are管"大家"。

2) 一般疑问句和否定句

I am a teacher. (我是一位老师)

You are his friend.(你是他的朋友)

She is a nurse.(她是一名护士)

以上三个句子都是肯定句. 此.类句子变成疑问句和否定句时,有些地方的语序和汉语不同,需特别注意.变为疑问句时,把be 动词"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词；变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在 "am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为：is not---- isn't

are not---- aren't， am not 没有简写形式。 .

如：Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)

Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)

Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)

注意：如果are not, is not放在句尾时，不能使用简写，必须写出整个单词。

否定句为：I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.

3)如果句子的动词不是be 动词 "am is are" 而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词"do"或者 "does"， 也就是说be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。 这里的 "do"，"does" 本身没有什么意义，只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句. 一般疑问句读时必须用降调.

"do"和 "does"的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。请看下面两组句子，注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。

I go to school every day. He goes to school every day.

I don't go to school every day. He doesn't go to school every day.

Do you go to school every day? Does he go to school every day?

Yes, I do. (No, I don't) Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)

这两组句子中，由于人称的不同，句子的结构也不同，具体如下：

当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词的s形式+宾语

否定句为：主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语

疑问句为：Does+主语+动词原形+宾语

肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.

注：第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.

动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+宾语

否定句为：主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语

疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+宾语

肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.

注：变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".

3.表示位置的几个词

1)　　　　 next to “……的旁边,紧接着”

2)　　　　 between…and…在…和…之间,between指两者之间

3)　　　　 among在…中间,指三者以上

4)　　　　 in front of在…前面,指在(本部分之外)的前面; in the front of指在(本部分之内)的前面.

5)　　　　 at在某个具体的地点

6)　　　　 outside在…之外 outside the gate在门外

4 afraid 的用法

Afraid是形容词,一般在句中用作表语,不能用作定语。意思是 “担心,害怕,恐怕,恐惧”.afraid常用于以下三种句式:

1)　　　　 be afraid of sb or sth.或be afraid of doing sth.表示害怕某人或某事,后接动名词，表示怕做某事,只是陈述一个事实,不带感情色彩.

2)　　　　 be afraid to do sth.后接动词不定式,往往指主观上怕去做某事,侧重表示 “因为担心后果严重而不敢也不愿做某事”如,Lily is afraid to go out at night.

3)　　　　 I’m afraid…我恐怕..当听了对方所说的话,而不能满足对方的意愿时,为了使语气较为委婉,常用此语.如,Can you help me with my English? I’m afraid not.当不同意对方的建议,邀请,陈述时,我们可以用I’m afraid not;反之用I’m afraid so.

◆　　　 unit 7 What does he look like?

目标语言: Describe people’s appearance

重点句型: What does your friend look like? She has a medium build and she has long hair.

　　　　 He is tall. He is heavy. He has curly hair. He is medium height. He is thin.

She has long hair. She is short. She has a medium build. She has short hair.

He has a beard. He wears glasses. He has a mustache. He has blonde hair.

He is bald. She always wears a red dress and white shoes.

重点词组:look like, straight hair, medium build, short hair, curly hair, long hair, blonde hair,brown hair,tell jokes

知识点:

6.介词on, in, at都表示时间. On用于某日的时间前; in用于某年或某月的时间前;at用于几点的时间前.

◆unit 6 Where are the jazz music?

目标语言:ask for and give directions inside a building

重点句型:Where’s the classical music? Go upstairs and turn right.It’s next to the jazz music.

　　　　 Where’s the dance music? Go straight and turn left. It’s between the pop and the country.

　　　　　 What’s Bob’s favorite kind of music? His favorite music is classical　　　　　 Who’s Carla’s favorite group? Her favorite group is Boys from Brazil.

　　　　　 Do you like the Latin Sound? No, I don’t. They’re awful.

　　　　　 Where’s the dance music section? I don’t know.

重点词组:in front of, and so on, turn left, go upstairs, next to, between…and…,a kind of, on the right, have fun

知识点:

1问路的句式小结：

1)“特殊疑问句”类句型

d)　　　　 Excuse me. Where is the …,please?

e)　　　　　 Excuse me. Which is the way to the…,please?

f)　　　　　 Excuse me. How can I get to the…, please?

2)“一般疑问句”类句型

g)　　　　 Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the…?

h)　　　　 Could /Can you tell me the way to the…?

i)　　　　　 Could/Can you tell me how to get to the…,please?

j)　　　　　 Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the…?

k)　　　　 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the…?

l)　　　　　 Excuse me. Do you know the way to the…?

2谈论喜欢的歌手,歌曲和音乐组合

1)　　　　 –Do you like music?

-Yes, I like music very much/a lot/a little.

　-No, I don’t like music at all.

2)- Are you interested in folk songs(民歌)?

　 -Yes, I am.

3) – Are you fond of music?

　 - Yes, I am.

4)- What’s your favorite kind of music?

　 - American country music.(美国乡村音乐)

5)-Who is your favorite music group?

　-Backstreet Boy.

6)- What do you think of Tian Zhen’songs?

　 - I think they are wonderful.

5. practice doing练习做某事

4. “do some+动名词”结构,表示 “做….,干….,进行…..”其中动名词作宾语.

　 如,do some washing 洗衣服

3．Over的用法

1)over the weekend中的over意思是“在…期间”相当于during.

2)over表示“在…正上方“不接触物体表面；on表示“在..上面”物体是可以接触到的.over的反义词under.

3)over也表示”超过,多于”相当于more than

4)all over the world这里的over是”遍及”的意思.

5)over there中的over是 “越过,在那边”

2．　 一般过去时

1)　　　　 一般过去式的构成：规则动词过去式的变化可速记为“直，去，双，改”四字诀。

a)　　　　　 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如，want-wanted

b)　　　　 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed，如，hope-hoped

c)　　　　　 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如，stop-stopped

d)　　　　 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed.如，study-studied.

　 不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。Be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一，三人称单数形式用was,其他人称用were.

2)　　　　 一般过去时的形式

a)　　　　　 Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。

b)　　　　 实义动词过去式的句式：肯定式：主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 否定式：主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes,主语+did. 否定回答：No,主语+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？如，What time did you finish your homework?

3)　 一般过去时的用法：

a)　　　　　 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.

b)　　　　 表示故去经常或反复发生的动作，常与　often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.

c)　　　　　 与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.

4)表示一般过去时的时间状语：

　 a moment ago刚才 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now刚才

1．　 谈论过去的事用语介绍：

1)　　　　 –What did you do last night?-I watched TV at home.

2)　　　　 –Where did you go last Sunday?-I went to the zoo.

3)　　　　 –Whom did you visit yesterday?-I went to see my uncle.

4)　　　　 –Did you read a book this morning?-No, I didn’t. I wrote a letter to my father.

在谈论刚刚发生的事情就需要用一般过去时，这时谓语动词用过去式形式，句中多有last night, last month, last year, yesterday, two days ago, in1978等表示过去的时间状语。

3.名词构词法：

-er: farmer, jumper

-or: inventor, visitor

-ist: scientist, artist

-ess: actress, waitress

-ese: Chinese

◆unit5 How was your weekend?

　目标语言：talk about recent past events

　重点句型：What did you do over the weekend?

　　　　　 On Saturday morning, I played tennis.

　　　　　 How was your weekend?

　　　　　 It was great.

　　　　　 For most kids, the weekend was a mixture of fun and work.

重点词组：do homework做作业 play soccer踢足球 clean the room打扫房间 go to the beach去海滩 　go to the movies 去看电影 over the weekend=at the weekend=on the weekend在周末 study for the test准备考试 have a party举行晚会 stay at home呆在家里 do some reading读书 practice English练习英语 play the guitar弹吉他 on the afternoon of last Sunday在上个星期日下午 an interesting talk show有趣的谈话节目

知识点：