教师在课堂上既要实现各种教学目的,还要向学生提出各种不同的问题。
1.问题的类型
(1)认知记忆性问题。我们所提问的问题相当大一部分是认知记忆性问题。这类问题便于学生学习,有助于提高认知水平。
(2)推理性问题。要求学生用所学过的知识,根据环境、情节,去推理下面所要说的内容。
(3)拓展性问题。这类问题要求师生脱离课本展开想象,尽情发挥。这样极易引起学生兴趣,又会开阔他们的思路。
3.启发学生积极思考,培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。还能促进学生的智力发展,让学生通过积极思考去分析、比较、综合和评价教材中的重要问题。
2.引起学习动机,唤发学习兴趣。在课堂教学开始之时,教师若用一个有趣的问题来激发学生的好奇心,就能使学生学习收到事半功倍的效果。
教师要考虑通过提问让学生得到什么,思考和认识什么,形成何种能力或品质等等。如果教师提问缺乏目的性,无的放矢,必然会影响教学效果。那么,通过提问应达到哪些目的呢?
1.课堂提问必须以教学目的为指南。教师要在深入钻研教材的同时,了解学生的情况和本课的特点,知道学生的兴趣和疑点,有的放矢地进行提问,以便达到掌握课本内容和获取知识的目的。
|
辅字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
|
b |
[b] |
bike bus
bag |
|
[/] |
bomb tomb lamb climb |
|
|
c
c在e前或在i/y前 |
[k] |
cake
picture coat music |
|
[s] |
face
decide cinema |
|
|
ch |
[ |
much chick rich teacher |
|
[k] |
school headache chemistry |
|
|
[ |
machine Chicago |
|
|
-ck |
[k] |
cock
pocket black knock |
|
d |
[d] |
doctor
bread hand day |
|
-dge |
[ |
bridge fridge |
|
dr- |
[dr] |
children
driver drink |
|
f |
[f] |
five
four breakfast |
|
g
g在e i/y前 |
[ |
bag
gardon go |
|
[ |
orange
large German |
|
|
gh |
[f] |
cough
enough rough |
|
[/] |
light
daughter high eight |
|
|
gu- -gue |
[ |
guess league dialogue guitar |
|
[ |
language
anguish penguin |
|
|
h |
[h] |
hot head
house hand |
|
[/] |
hour honest honor |
|
|
j |
[ |
jeep jar
joke join July |
|
k |
[k] |
kind
bike skate make week |
|
kn- |
[n] |
knife
know knock |
|
l |
[l] |
life
milk school tall |
|
m |
[m] |
monkey
come tomato |
|
-mn |
[m] |
autumn
column solemn |
|
n
n在[k] [g]音前 |
[n] |
not
shine ten note |
|
[ŋ] |
uncle
thank hungry |
|
|
-ng |
[ŋ] |
morning
young wrong |
|
p |
[p] |
paper
plane pig ship pen |
|
ph |
[f] |
elephant
photo telephone |
|
q |
[k] |
Iraq |
|
qu- |
[kw] |
quality quite quarter |
|
r |
[r] |
red
rubber ruler |
|
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 |
[s] |
sit
sleep desk |
|
[z] |
music
husband |
|
|
sc- |
[sk] |
scarlet
scout Scotland |
|
[s] |
muscle
science |
|
|
sh |
[ |
she fish
shirt wash |
|
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 |
[t] |
ten
letter meet |
|
[ |
patient
nation |
|
|
tch |
[ |
watch
catch match |
|
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中 |
[θ] |
thin thirty method |
|
[ð] |
the these with than |
|
|
[ð] |
clothe
father weather |
|
|
tr- |
[tr] |
tree
train country truck |
|
v |
[v] |
very
voice love leave |
|
w |
[w] |
week win
wake sweet wait |
|
[/] |
answer
two |
|
|
wh-
wh-在字母o前 |
[w] |
what
when white why |
|
[h] |
who
whose whole |
|
|
x
在重读元音前 |
[ks] |
box text
exercise |
|
[gz] |
example
exist exact |
|
|
wr- |
[r] |
write
wrong wrist |
|
y- |
[j] |
yes yard
yellow young |
|
z |
[z] |
puzzle
zero zoo |
|
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[æ]
blackboard[ |
|
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[ |
|
元音字组或字群 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
|
ai/ay
ei/ey |
[i] |
Sunday foreign monkey |
|
ow |
[ou] |
yellow sparrow tomorrow |
|
元音字组在非重读音节中读[ |
||
|
-sion
-tion |
[ |
impression
nation |
|
-sion在元音字母后 |
[ |
vision
decision occasion |
|
-tion在s后 |
[ |
question suggestion |
|
-sten |
[sn] |
listen
christen |
|
-stle |
[sl] |
whistle
jostle castle |
|
-sure |
[] |
pressure |
|
-sure在元音字母后 |
[ |
pleasure
measure |
|
-ture |
[ |
picture
culture |
|
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
|
ai/ay |
[ei] |
afraid rain wait day play |
|
air |
[ε |
air hair chair pair repair |
|
al al在f m前 |
[ |
small
ball talk wall all |
|
[ |
always also salt almost |
|
|
[α:] |
half calm |
|
|
au/aw |
[ |
autumn daughter draw |
|
ea |
[i:] |
teach easy cheap please |
|
[e] |
heavy bread sweater weather |
|
|
[ei] |
break
great |
|
|
ear |
[i |
hear
dear near clear year |
|
[ε |
bear
pear wear swear |
|
|
[ |
earth
learn early |
|
|
ee |
[i:] |
jeep week green three |
|
eer |
[i |
pioneer deer beer |
|
ei/ey |
[ei] |
eight neighbour they |
|
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 |
[ju:] |
new few newspaper |
|
[u:] |
flew brew jewelry |
|
|
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei |
[i:] |
piece field receive seize |
|
oa |
[ou] |
coat Joan boat goal |
|
oar/oor |
[ |
roar
board door floor |
|
oi/oy |
[ |
noise point boy toilet |
|
oo |
[u:] |
broom food tooth school |
|
[u] |
book look cook foot good |
|
|
ou/ow |
[au] |
flower house count down |
|
[u] |
know row
throw though |
|
|
[] |
young country enough |
|
|
[u:] |
group
you soup through |
|
|
our |
[ |
course
your four |
|
[au |
our hour ours |
|
|
[ |
journey |
|
|
ui
ui 在j l r s后 |
[ju:i] |
fluid
suicide tuition |
|
[u:] |
juice
fruit suit |
|
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
|
are |
[ε |
care dare hare |
|
ere |
[i |
here mere |
|
ire |
[ai |
fire hire wire |
|
ore |
[ |
more score before |
|
ure |
[ju |
pure cure |
|
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ |
||
|
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
例如:parent zero inspiring story during |
||
|
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange very American paragraph
forest spirit |
|
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
|
ar
ar在[w]音后面 |
[α:] |
car farm dark sharpener |
|
[ |
warm quarter towards |
|
|
or
or在[w]音后面 |
[:] |
forty morning short |
|
[:] |
word worker worse |
|
|
er ir ur |
[:] |
certainly bird Thursday |
|
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry |
||
|
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[ |
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