A new study finds that plants communicate with one another to warn of danger.
We often consider plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move; they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to act on anything. But as is often the case, plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, give out chemicals into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings can spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation(虫害), so other plants can protect themselves. But how plants receive and act on many of the information exactly is still mysterious.
In this week’s Science Magazine, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They have found out one chemical message and traced it all the way from beginning to end.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest(害虫). To start out, they grew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子). One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露) to the pest. The results showed that plants near sick neighbors before were able to protect themselves better against the pest.
They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants. The chemical is called HexVic. The scientists discovered where HexVic come from, and put it over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to produce HexVic. Researchers made sure that uninfested plants could fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to protect themselves? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is not a simple story, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. In a word, we know that plants not only communicate, but also look out for one another.
小题1:The underlined “traced” in the fourth paragraph probably means _________ here.

A．reported	B．followed
C．doubted	D．developed

小题2:For scientists, which are the right steps to watch tomato plants infested by a pest?
①  Place the infested plant upwind.
②  Place the uninfested plant downwind.
③  Expose the downwind plants to the pest.
④  Grow plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube.

A．③①②④	B．①④③②
C．④①②③	D．④②①③

小题3:You can put the sentence “The researches also studied leaves from exposed plants and unexposed plants.” At the beginning of

A．Paragraph 3	B．Paragraph 4
C．Paragraph 5	D．Paragraph 6

小题4:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

A．Communicating Plants and Terrible Diseases

B．Talking Plants and Friendly Warnings

C．Protecting Plants and Clear Information

D．Growing Plants and Mysterious Chemicals

Bikes are popular in the Dutch(荷兰). In fact, nearly half of all travel in the Dutch is by bike. Now, one Dutch bike designer(设计师), Thomas, has taken the country’s interest in bikes by making a school bus bike.
The big bike has eight sets of pedals(踏板) for kids, a driver seat for an adult, and three other seats, comfortably letting little kids for their trip to and from school. The bike even has a motor, which can help with high hills or at times when few kids on it.
So far, Thomas tells Fast Company, he’s sold 25 school-bikes, at a price of $ 25,000 each—less than it would cost to buy a traditional school bus with the same number of seats. Along with the traditional color, the bikes ,are colored yellow so that they can be seen easily.
Thomas says he’s sold school bus bikes to neighboring countries such as Belgium, England and Germany, but so far, the school bus bike hasn’t been sold in the United States. If the U.S. agrees to buy this kind of school bus bike, it could do a lot of good to improve exercise for a young age and help them keep healthy.

小题1:How do people in the Dutch usually go to work?

A．By car.	B．By bus.
C．By bike.	D．On foot.

小题2:How many seats does the school bus bike have?

A．Three.	B．Eight.
C．Nine.	D．Twelve.

小题3:The school buses are yellow in the Dutch because _______.

A．the color yellow is easy to paint

B．yellow buses can be seen easily

C．yellow is the national color of Dutch

D．it’s the designer’s favorite color

小题4:Which country of the following hasn’t bought a school bus bike?

A．America.	B．Germany.
C．England.	D．Belgium.

小题5: Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Thomas made a new kind of school bus.

B．A school bus usually costs $ 25,000.

C．Thomas sold bikes to Asian countries.

D．Riding school bus bikes helps keep kids healthy.

Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy — you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in the summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source(资源) of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we recycled all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t recycle much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and sees. So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you recycled it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a recycling bin near you? Well, there are loes of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.
小题1:What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage?

A．It’s healthy.	B．It’s clean.
C．It’s easy.	D．It’s expensive.

小题2:Plastic products are made from         .

A．energy	B．oil
C．rubbish	D．plants

小题3:        of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006.

A．10%

B．50%

C．80%

D．90%

小题4: Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?

A．To recycle them.	B．To make a piggy bank.
C．To make a plant pot.	D．To drop them into the river.

小题5: The underlined part in this passage tells us “       ”.

A．To make a different life, you’d better go outside.

B．To look different, you’d better wear green clothes.

C．To protect the environment, you can do something.

D．To go green, you should use plastic products.

Do you know why so many animals do not stay in one place? Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”(鲑鱼). This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it will return to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another place, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.

小题1:The reason for most of the animals to move is ________.

A．to get away from un-crowded places	B．to find their own parents
C．to want to kill themselves	D．to find food more easily

小题2:Where does young salmon(鲑鱼) spend its life?

A．In fresh water.	B．In salt water.
C．In mountain homes.	D．In its birthplace.

小题3: When do the lobsters(龙虾) begin to move another place?

A．When their homes become too crowded.

B．When the season of the bad weather arrives.

C．When they want to give birth.

D．When their food is eaten up.

小题4: The underlined word migration in the passage means ________.

A．迁徙	B．习性
C．运动	D．寻觅

One day I got into a taxi and we took off for the airport.
We were driving in the right way when suddenly a black jeep jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver had to stop the car at once, and missed the other car by just inches! The driver of the other car started shouting at us. My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy, and I mean, he was really friendly.
So I asked, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost destroyed your car and sent us to the hospital!” This is when my taxi driver taught me what I now call, “The Law of the Garbage Truck(垃圾车).”
He explained that many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of anger(愤怒). As their garbage gets more, they need a place to dump it and sometimes they’ll dump it on you. Don’t take it seriously. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. Don’t take their garbage and pass it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets.
Life’s too short , so...
小题1:Which is the correct order of the events that took place in the story?
a. I took a taxi to the airport.
b. The driver of the other car shouted at us.
c. A black jeep suddenly jumped right in front of us.
d. Our taxi nearly crashed into the other car.
e. My taxi driver taught me the law.
f. My taxi driver smiled and waved.

A．a-e-b-d-f-c	B．b-a-e-d-c-f
C．a-c-d-b-f-e	D．f-e-a-c-d-b

小题2:The writer’s purpose in writing the story is to______.

A．share the terrible ride with us

B．tell us how to drive safely

C．show us how great the taxi driver is

D．show us how to deal with life more wisely

小题3:The paragraph following the passage will be about           .

A．the writer will never forget the taxi driver

B．the writer will become a good and friendly taxi driver, too

C．the writer will be better at dealing with anger in his life

D．the writer will be always friendly to others

If you’ve tried studying when you’re tired, you know that it can seem very impossible to do well.
A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated(复杂) than people knew.
Niels C·Rattenborg, a scientist from Wisconsin-Madison, wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep. He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year. They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn. In the game, the sparrows had to peck(啄)three buttons （按钮）in a right order to get a food treat. The scientists discovered that the birds’  ability to learn the right button order depended on(依靠)two things: the time of year and the amount of sleep the birds had had.
During the migration（迁徙）season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual. Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they’d had a regular night of sleep. Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep.
The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual. If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep. Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it’s better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam.
小题1:The passage is mainly about          .

A．sparrows’ migration.

B．sleep lessons from Sparrows.

C．how to get less sleep while studying

D．how sparrows that got less sleep get food treats

小题2:Why can sparrows get much less sleep during the migration season?

A．They eat more.

B．The climate is better

C．They can get food quickly

D．Scientists still don’t know the reason.

小题3:What fact does the passage lead you to believe?

A．We should sleep as little as sparrows do.

B．We should get enough sleep before an exam.

C．When tired, we should try to focus on(聚焦) our study.

D．When tired, we should check how we can sleep less than usual.

In National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., visitors have a rare chance to enjoy a world filled with hundreds of living butterflies. It’s an e  小题1: exhibition.
It p 小题2:a close look at butterflies. Dan Babbitt,  one of the l 小题3: of the museum says visitors can get very close to the butterflies to learn about their i小题4:   .“Our purpose is to c小题5:  people to the natural world. We have found that using animals and insects is an amazing way to do that.” Babbitt says butterflies are important to the e  小题6: for several reasons.
“One big reason is because of pollination（授粉）. They will t 小题7:   from flower to flower, taking pollen(花粉) from one flower to another. So we won’t have a number of fruit that we like to eat w  小题8: butterflies.”
“We have butterflies from all over the world” he says. “And have already s 小题9:  about 5,000 or so different kinds.” He a  小题10:  that the museum’s goal for the next five years is to let more people learn more about butterflies .

“Er, er, er…… I’m sorry I forget my words.” Tom rushed out of the hall with his face red. People afraid of speaking in public are suffering from “Stage Fright”. Stage fright makes a person    . In that    it can make one's mind go blank(空白) and forget    one ought to say, or to act. Actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, even TV show hosts suffered from stage fright at one time or      .
Diana Nichols is an expert in helping people free from stage fright at a medical center in New York City. She helps actors learn to    themselves. Miss Nichols says some people have always been    to perform before the audience. Others, she says, develop stage fright after a terrible experience.
She offers them advice to control the fear. One way is to smile    going onto the stage. Taking two deep breaths    helps. Deep    helps you get control of your body.
Miss Nichols asks her patients to tell themselves that their speech or performance does not have to be    . It's    to make a mistake. She tells them they should not be too nervous while they are performing. It is important that they should continue to perform while she is helping them. After each performance, they discuss what happened and find out what    helped and what did not.As they perform more and more, they will fear    . Miss Nichols says the aim is only to reduce stage fright, not to smooth it away    . This is    a little stage fright makes a person more careful, and improves the performance.

小题1:	A．joyful B．unhappy C．nervous D．hopeless

小题2:	A．case B．mood C．sense D．condition

小题3:	A．when B．what C．how D．whether

小题4:	A．others B．other C．another D．the other

小题5:	A．cure B．control C．hold D．protect

小题6:	A．satisfied B．happy C．afraid D．surprised

小题7:	A．since B．until C．during D．before

小题8:	A．too B．as well C．also D．either

小题9:	A．breathing B．to breathe C．to have breathed D．breathes

小题10:

A．perfect B．fine C．good D．pleasant

小题11:

A．incorrect B．important C．unnecessary D．all right

小题12:

A．people B．advice C．words D．measures

小题13:

A．less and less B．fewer and fewer C．more and more D．smaller and smaller

小题14:

A．practically B．easily C．completely D．really

小题15:

A．why B．that C．since D．because

Some people have a kind of magic. They will make you comfortable while they are around. You feel at ease while talking to them. How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they'll help people feel relaxed and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn't. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what kind of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively. Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the topic of conversation. If someone insists on one topic, it means he's really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to the voice. If the voice sounds bored, then, it's time for you to change the topic.
Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the moment of saying good-bye. If you're saying it, you may give him a handshake and say, "I've really enjoyed meeting you." If you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know your thoughts.
小题1:Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way ________.

A．for you to make more and more new friends

B．to begin your business talks

C．to get things going

D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others

小题2:After asking somebody a question, it'll be polite of you to ________.

A．agree with what others say all the time

B．listen to his reply attentively

C．wait impatiently for his answer

D．go on asking him more questions

小题3:Generally speaking, good talkers are persons who ________.

A．are not good at making any topic interesting

B．never talk too much or too little

C．always speak in a gentle way

D．know when they should change the topic of the talk

小题4:If you really want to meet someone again, ________.

A．you may take him as your lifelong true friend

B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it

C．it's proper for you to give him a second handshake

D．it'll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him

Many young people all over the world love to travel and see the world. Have you heard of backpackers? They are normally young people who travel cheaply with just one bag and comfortable walking boots. They buy local food in supermarkets to save money and at the same time become friends with local people.
Some people prefer adventure tours. Brave people may try bungee(蹦极) jumping from the bridge overlooking the Victoria Falls in Africa with only a rope around their legs. Some enjoy the challenge of rock climbing in the Alps in Switzerland. Others may go ice skiing in the Rocky Mountains in the USA.
Have you ever heard of an ecotourism (生态旅游)? It means a holiday in which people come close to nature but are very careful not to destroy the nature beauty or living things in the area. How can this be possible? Let's read an interview with people who enjoyed a swimming with dolphins tour.
Interviewer what was the most exciting part of your holiday?
Sharon from South Africa I felt excited when I heard the sound of wild dolphins beside me in the water and then swimming directly under me. An image I will never forget.
Xavier from Portugal There were two dolphins below us swimming downwards. One stopped and looked back at me as if to say “What are those strange things?” Fantastic!
Interviewer Did you feel that your holiday helped local people and areas to keep their beautiful environment?
Jane from New Zealand The hotel and the whale and dolphin watching companies hire local people. They used to hunt those whales and dolphins, but now they can earn money from tourism and mustn’t kill whales and dolphins. Not many boats are used at the same time so these animals aren't disturbed. The boat companies also work to educate the local schools about the importance of protecting these wonderful animals.
Helen from England I am glad they are not killing the whales and dolphins any more, but the cars and boats use fuel(燃料) which could cause pollution and make the sea dirtier.
Well, what do you think? Thousands of people visit the Forbidden City or the Great Wall of China every year. Do you think that's a good thing, or do you feel that China's important tourist attractions can be affected? Are there any ways of sharing your treasures (珍宝) but keeping them in good condition?

小题1:From the first paragraph, backpackers are young people________.

A．visiting historical places in China

B．traveling cheaply with just one bag

C．who love to travel and see the world alone

D．who love to buy local things as souvenirs

小题2:What can't you do when you take an ecotourism?

A．Come close to nature in the holiday carefully.

B．Protect the living things in the area.

C．Be careful not to destroy the nature beauty.

D．Keep the local people unhappy.

小题3:Sharon, Xavier, Jane and Helen think the tours are helpful EXCEPT________.

A．the hotel and the companies hire local people to help them earn money

B．local people used to hunt and kill whales and dolphins but now they don't

C．not many boats are used at the same time so animals aren't disturbed

D．the cars and boats use fuel to cause pollution and make the sea dirtier

小题4:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．It's a cheap and popular way to travel and see the world as a backpacker.

B．We believe an ecotourism can greatly protect the nature beauty and living things.

C．China's tourist attractions can be protected because of being visited by tourists.

D．We’d better find good ways to share our treasures and keep them good.