【题目】金属镍有广泛的用途。粗镍中含有少量Fe、Zn、Cu、Pt等杂质,可用电解法制备高纯度的镍,下列叙述正确的是(已知:氧化性Fe2+<Ni2+<Cu2+)( )
A.阳极发生还原反应,其电极反应式:Ni2++2e-==Ni
B.电解过程中,阳极质量的减少与阴极质量的增加相等
C.电解后,溶液中存在的金属阳离子只有Fe2+和Zn2+
D.电解后,电解槽底部的阳极泥中只有Cu和Pt
【答案】D
【解析】在电解池中,阳极失去电子,化合价升高,发生氧化反应,而阴极得到电子,化合价降低,发生还原反应。根据试题中三种离子的氧化性大小:Fe2+<Ni2+<Cu2+,可以推出题中几种金属在阳极的放电顺序为:Zn>Fe>Ni>Cu>Pt(惰性金属不放电),阴极的放电顺序为:Zn2+<Fe2+<Ni2+<Cu2+,故,阳极电极反应式有:Zn-2e-==Zn2+,Fe-2e-==Fe2+,Ni-2e-==Ni2+(主要电极反应),A项错误;由于阳极中Cu和Pt沉于电解槽底部的阳极泥中,而Zn和Fe在阳极放电,在阴极不能放电,因此阳极质量的减少>阴极质量的增加,B项错误;溶液中除了Fe2+和Zn2+还有Ni2+、H+等,C项错误;反应过程中镍及活动性强于镍的金属失电子,活动性弱于镍的金属以阳极泥的形式存在,故阳极泥中只有Cu和Pt,D项正确。
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