Question

【题目】Passage2（2017·新课标卷II，D）

体裁	话题	词数	难度	建议时间
说明文	当植物受到攻击时会保护自己并与周围植物交流	293	★★★☆☆	7分钟

When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.

Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.

Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunh.

In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.

Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.

Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)

than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.

【1】What does a plant do when it is under attack?

A. It makes noises.

B. It gets help from other plants.

C. It stands quietly

D. It sends out certain chemicals.

【2】What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?

A. The attackers get attacked.

B. The insects gather under the table.

C. The plants get ready to fight back.

D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.

【3】Scientists find from their studies that plants can .

A. predict natural disasters

B. protect themselves against insects

C. talk to one another intentionally

D. help their neighbors when necessary

【4】what can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The world is changing faster than ever.

B.People have stronger senses than before

C. The world is more complex than it seems

D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。

【1】细节理解题。根据“reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular

smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。

【2】词义推测题。根据“Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now

becomes lunch”，一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。

【3】细节理解题，根据“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being

attacked” 及“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away... ”可知答案选B。

【4】推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world

we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。