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    【题目】阅读下列资料，分析回答有关问题：

    资料1：据1999年10月13日《中国环境报》报道：1997年中国60岁以上的老人有1亿多人，占总人中的10%，到2040年预计将达2．5亿以上，占总人口的23．79%，60岁以上的人口数将是20岁左右人口数的2－3倍。

    资料2：据有关部门统计，1984年我国农村剩余劳动力9485万人，到1994年上升到2亿人，2000年这一数字已增长到约3亿人。据估计这些人口中到少有四分之一以上涌入了大、中城市。

    （1）资料1反映出，近年来我国人口发展中的一个突出问题是出现了__________现象，这一问题将会对我国经济发展和社会生活产生的影响是（ ）

    A．产业结构将从以第一、二产业为主，转变为以第三产业为主

    B．青壮年劳动力在总人口中所占的比重下降

    C．交通拥挤，住房紧张等城市环境问题会更加突出

    D．国家的社会福利负担加重，造成人均GDP的明显下降

    （2）资料2中问题产生的主要原因是（ ）

    ①新中国成立以后我国人口始终以较高的速度持续增长

    ②我国人口众多，人均土地资源不足的矛盾日益突出

    ③农村经济的发展，使大批农业劳动力被从土地的束缚中解放出来

    ④我国已完成了从农业经济为主向以工业经济为主的转变

    A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④

    （3）近20年中我国人口流动的主要特点是____________________________________，产生这种流动最根本的原因是_____________________________________。

    （4）简要回答我国大规模人口流动和迁移对迁入地社会经济产生的影响。

    【答案】（1）人口老龄化 B

    （2）B

    （3）从农村流向城市,从贫困落后地区流向经济发达地区

    我国城乡和地区间在经济发展水平方面的巨大差别

    （4）有利影响：弥补了流入区劳动力的不足；促进了人口流入地区的经济发展等

    不利影响：加剧城市交通拥挤，住房紧张的状况；增加城市就业困难等

    【解析】

    试题分析：考查我国的人口问题。

    （1）从资料1看出，我国老龄化在日趋严重，使得青壮年劳动力比重下降，将会加重社会

    福利负担。

    （2）资料2看出，由于我国经济快速发展，出现大量农村剩余劳动力，加之工业的发展，

    导致城市化发展，使得大量剩余劳动力涌入城市。

    （3）由于城乡间的经济差距，导致我国的人口流动主要是由经济落后地区流入发达地区，

    由农村流入城市。

    （4）人口迁移对迁入区会产生有利和不利的影响。

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