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    【题目】阅读材料，完成下列问题。

    材料一：2016年4月8日，太阳上出现了一个大黑子群AR2529，12日面积达到最大。AR2529是近段时间出现在日面上比较大的黑子群，它们温度约5000 ℃，比光球层温度低1000 ℃。

    材料二：据观察统计，从1999年夏天开始，太阳黑子的活动达到了最大值，进入第23个太阳活动高峰年。在11年前的1988年，日本遭受冷夏的袭击，美国和欧洲却遭受酷暑和干旱的煎熬。在意大利，由于炎热而造成铁路变形、列车脱轨。美国从4月中旬到8月为止，几乎不下雨，密西西比河的水面大幅下降，航运被迫停止。

    (1)与黑子同步起落的太阳活动是________，该太阳活动爆发时，释放出大量的射线和____________。

    (2)英格兰地区出现的灿烂的极光，主要是因为 ( )

    A．地球高纬度大气强烈吸收太阳辐射

    B．太阳黑子发出的电磁波扰动地球大气中的电离层

    C．太阳大气抛出的高能带电粒子扰动地球磁场

    D．太阳活动发出的高能带电粒子轰击地球高纬地区的大气

    (3)结合材料一、二推测，第26个太阳黑子活动达到最大值将会出现于 ( )

    A．2010～2011年 B．2022～2023年

    C．2033～2034年 D．2014～2015年

    (4)结合材料二，说明太阳活动对地球产生的影响有哪些？

    【答案】

    （1）耀斑 高能带电粒子流

    （2）D

    （3）C

    （4）影响地球上的气候；影响人类的无线电短波通信；扰动地球磁场，产生磁暴现象；产生极光现象。

    【解析】

    第（1）题，黑子出现在太阳大气的光球层，耀斑随黑子同步起落，在色球层相应的会出现耀斑，他们的活动周期均是11年；耀斑爆发产生大量的宇宙射线和高能带电粒子流。第（2）题，太阳活动时产生高能带电粒子，受地球磁场的作用，带电粒子与高纬的高空大气相互碰撞，出现美丽的极光，故D项正确。第（3）题，太阳黑子出现以11年为一个周期。1999年是第23个太阳活动高峰年，第26个太阳活动周高峰年应在2033年前后，C项正确。第（4）题，太阳活动会影响地球上的气候，诱发水旱灾害；耀斑爆发产生强烈的电磁波，会干扰地球高空的电离层，影响无线电短波通信；产生高能带电粒子流，扰动地球磁场，产生磁暴现象；在两极产生极光现象。

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