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    【题目】1994年3月，中国政府颁布了《中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》。这是全球第一个国家级的《21世纪议程》。据此回答下列各题。

    【1】目前，影响我国可持续发展的最大障碍是

    A．长期存在的资源短缺 B．严重的环境问题

    C．庞大的人口数量 D．不利的外部环境

    【2】我国部分地区的下列措施中，符合可持续发展的是

    A．在陡坡地区的耕地实行退耕还林

    B．大规模改良草原发展林木生产

    C．在塔里木地区大面积植树造林

    D．使用材林的采伐量超过其生长速度

    【答案】

    【1】C

    【2】A

    【解析】

    试题分析

    【1】本题考查中国可持续发展的必然性。中国面临的严峻现实：①庞大的人口压力；②资源短缺令人担忧：人均少、资源利用率低、生产活动和消费方式不合理，用量增长过快③深刻的环境危机：环境污染仍在发展，并迅速由城市向农村蔓延；生态破坏范围在扩大、程度在加剧。庞大的人口压力是我国实施可持续发展的最大困难。所以本题选择C选项。

    【2】依据资源保护的意义和治理环境的措施等知识来解答问题．我国人口众多，且人口增长过快，资源相对来说比较贫乏，陡坡开垦容易造成水土流失，实行退耕还林 ，既可以保持水土，又可以获得经济收入，符合可持续发展，A对； 草原地区多属于干旱半干旱气候，降水较少，林木生长需水量大，如果发展林木或大规模植树造林，不仅会破坏原来的植被，而且还会加剧该区域的水资源短缺，导致生态恶化，BC错；采伐量超过其生长速度，会使得森林资源的使用速度超过更新速度，僧林资源会逐渐减少，D错。

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