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    【题目】国际上对河流的开发利用率一般不超过40%，中国水资源开发利用率约达20%，西北地区为53.3%，其中黄河流域为55%，内陆河流域为52.5%。据此回答下列各题。

    【1】西北地区水资源开发利用率高的根本原因是（ ）

    A.生产生活需水量大 B.气候干旱，降水少

    C.灌溉农业发达 D.水资源的循环利用率高

    【2】下列现象与西北地区水资源的高效开发利用不相关的是（ ）

    A. 河流下游河湖干涸，荒漠扩大

    B. 地下水位的下降影响了地表植被的生长

    C. 黄河上游宁夏、内蒙古河段出现断流预警

    D. 黄土高原水土流失严重

    【答案】

    【1】B

    【2】D

    【解析】

    试题分析：

    【1】西北地区水资源开发利用率高的根本原因是气候干旱，降水少，水资源总量少，B对。 西北经济落后，生产生活需水量比东部少，A错。西北灌溉农业为主，并不发达，C错。技术水平低，水资源的循环利用率低，D错。

    【2】西北地区的河流下游河湖干涸，荒漠扩大，A相关。地下水位的下降影响了地表植被的生长，是因大量抽取地下水，B相关。黄河上游宁夏、内蒙古河段出现断流预警，是生活、生产用水量大，C相关。黄土高原水土流失严重，是地形、气候、土壤等因素造成，与西北水资源开发无关，选D。

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