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【题目】

阅读《采薇》完成下列各题。

采薇采薇,薇亦作止。曰归曰归,岁亦莫止。靡室靡家,玁狁之故。不遑启居,玁狁之故。

采薇采薇,薇亦柔止。曰归曰归,心亦忧止。忧心烈烈,载饥载渴。我戍未定,靡使归聘。

采薇采薇,薇亦刚止。曰归曰归,岁亦阳止。王事靡盬,不遑启处。忧心孔疚,我行不来!

彼尔维何?维常之华。彼路斯何?君子之车。戎车既驾,四牡业业。岂敢定居?一月三捷。

驾彼四牡,四牡骙骙。君子所依,小人所腓。四牡翼翼,象弭鱼服。岂不日戒?玁狁孔棘!

昔我往矣,杨柳依依。今我来思,雨雪霏霏。行道迟迟,载渴载饥。我心伤悲,莫知我哀!

1这首诗的前三章运用了什么手法?表达了怎样的情感?

2“昔我往矣杨柳依依”中为什么写“杨柳”?蕴含着怎样的情感?

3这首诗的末章运用了哪种手法?请简要分析。

4全诗以“采薇”开篇以“行道迟迟载渴载饥……”结束这样写有什么作用?

【答案】

【1】前三章运用重章叠句的形式反复表达戍卒远别家室、历久不归的凄苦心情。

【2】表明出征时是春天以随风飘扬的柳丝渲染昔日上路时的依依不舍之情。

【3】末章运用对比的手法今”与“昔”、“往”与“来”、“杨柳依依”与“雨雪霏霏”对比情景交融。“莫知我哀”则表明此悲无人慰、此痛无人解的痛苦心情情感达到高潮。

【4】首尾照应突出地表现了戍卒所遭受的身心痛苦笔端始终萦绕着浓重的悲怨情调。

解析

【1】先答出前三章的表达手法,然后再回答表达手法的情感表达。

2先答出杨柳的表面含义,再回答诗句中蕴含的情感表达。

3鉴赏诗歌的表达技巧,无论着眼于全篇,还是着眼于一句,此类试题的答题规律一般是,先明确指出运用了何种技巧,然后结合诗意说明这种技巧如何运用,最后指出这种技巧如何传达出诗人情感,或在凸显出主题方面起到什么作用。

4先答出首尾使用的表达手法,再回答表达手法的作用。

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