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【题目】目前,新能源汽车产业已经成为国家重点发展项目,日益得到政府的关注。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 拥有节能、环保等诸多优点及庞大的产销目标的新能源汽车,为什么仍进不了寻常百姓家呢?一方面,专家认为新能源汽车关键技术尚未突破,企业研发投入大,动力电池价格高昂;另一方面,国内企业对发展新能源汽车的热情高涨,但更多的还是在造势,现实产量和保有量并不高。

材料二 企业创新发展新能源汽车,为消费者提供更加宽泛的选择,但更应该重视普通消费者这个庞大的群体。我国应大力倡导“环保汽车”消费,鼓励消费者购买新能源汽车,积极培育新能源汽车消费热点。

(1)结合材料一,分析新能源汽车价格偏高的原因。

(2)结合材料二,运用生产与消费的关系原理,说明倡导“环保汽车”消费对汽车产业的影响。

【答案】(1)①价值决定价格,价值是价格的基础。新能源汽车生产投入大、成本高,从根本上决定了新能源汽车价格偏高。

②供求关系影响价格。新能源汽车产量不高,供不应求推涨了新能源汽车价格。

(2)①消费对生产具有重要的反作用。大力倡导“环保汽车”消费有利于促进新能源汽车的发展。

②消费所形成的新的需要,对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用。倡导“环保汽车”消费,有利于汽车产业的调整和升级。

③一个新的消费热点的出现,往往能带动一个产业的出现和成长。“环保汽车”消费热点的出现,能带动新能源汽车及相关产业链的出现和成长。

【解析】(1)该题考查学生调动和运用知识论证和探讨社会经济现象的能力。解答此题的关键是要从材料中提取影响新能源汽车价格的两个方面的因素(①“关键技术尚未突破,企业研发投入大,动力电池价格高昂”→新能源汽车成本高→价值大→价格高。②“国内新能源汽车现实产量和保有量并不高”→新能源汽车供给不足→价格高),然后调动与这两个方面相对应的经济生活知识(①对应的是“价值决定价格”,②对应的是“供求影响价格”),对材料信息进行分析论证即可。

(2)此题已经明确了答题的知识范围(生产与消费的关系原理),设问的指向是“说明倡导‘环保汽车’消费对汽车产业的影响”,侧重从消费对生产的反作用上去考虑本题的答案。答题时可从消费对生产反作用的三个角度进行论证和探讨。论证和探讨问题时要将材料信息和相应的理论知识对应起来,做到有理有据。

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