【题目】阅读下面诗歌，完成①—③题。
奉陪郑驸马韦曲【】
杜甫
韦曲花无赖，家家恼煞人。绿樽须尽日，白发好禁【】春。
石角钩衣破，藤梢刺眼新。何时占丛竹，头戴小乌巾。
注释：【1】韦曲：唐代长安游览胜地。杜甫作此诗时，求仕于长安而未果。【2】禁：消受。
(1)下列对本诗的理解，不正确的一项是
A．诗的首句和辛弃疾的“最喜小儿无赖”，两处“无赖”都传达了作者的喜爱之情。
B．三四句意谓韦曲的满眼春色，让自感老去的诗人也觉得应借酒释怀，消受春光。
C．五六句通过“石角钩衣”、“藤梢刺眼”的细致描写，状写韦曲春去夏来的美景。
D．此诗运用了“反言”，如“恼煞人”，实际是爱煞人，正话反说，有相反相成之趣。
（2）诗家常借“韦曲”寓兴亡之感。下列诗句寓有兴亡之感的两项是
A．杜甫诗中韦曲花，至今无赖尚家家。（唐·罗隐《寄南城韦逸人》）
B．当年燕子知何址，但苔深韦曲，草暗斜川。（宋·张炎《高阳台》）
C．莫夸韦曲花无赖，独擅终南雨后青。（元·虞集《题南野亭》）
D．花气上林春浩渺，酒香韦曲晚氤氲。（明·胡应麟《寄朱可大进士》）
E．韦曲杜陵文物尽，眼中多少可儿坟。（清（此当作明，出题人有误）·王象巽《游曲江》）
（3） 前人引《南史》注诗中“小乌巾”：“刘岩隐逸不仕，常著缁衣小乌巾。”结合这一注解，谈谈诗的最后两句表达了诗人怎样的思想感情。
【答案】（1）C（2）BE（3）要点一：借向往隐居生活，表达对韦曲春景的喜爱。（或：因韦曲春色美景而生隐居山林之情。）要点二：隐含求仕未果的复杂心情。
【解析】（1）“白发好禁春”意思是满头白发的自己正好消受春天的美景，可见诗歌写的是春天的美景，不是春去夏来。（2）B写燕子不知道高阳台的原址，E写韦曲文物已经没有了，只留下满眼坟墓，都表达了兴亡之叹。A、C、D都是写韦曲的美景。（3）“何时占丛竹”表达了作者对归隐的向往，与前面对韦曲美景的赞赏一脉相承。“头戴小乌巾”运用典故，隐含求仕未果的复杂心情。诗歌鉴赏要仔细阅读全诗，注意诗中出现的意象（即描写的对象），调动常识储备，揣摩形象的象征意味。分析修辞手法及其作用。评价要恰当，严禁人为拔高。围绕人之常情考虑诗歌的感情基调。对人物要察言观行，体会其志趣心境。
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【题目】 Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?
Around the world, music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.
Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to, it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.
Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain, types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物) that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, day cares and schools.
Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.
Title: Music That 【1】 | ||
The 【2】 of music therapy | To treat different medical conditions and illness | To reduce pain |
to 【3】 brain activity | ||
To overcome 【4】 | ||
How does music therapy 【5】 ? | Music is smoothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a 【6】 due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in 【7】 stress and anxiety. | |
Scientific proofs | Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the 【8】 babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. | |
【9】 | Music therapy is recognized as a useful 【10】 to traditional treatment. | |
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【1】杜甫善于在叙事诗中塑造人物的形象，这首诗是用什么样的表达方式塑造王昭君这个人物形象的？
【2】试分析本诗中诗人是如何寄托情感的。
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【题目】阅读下面的文言文，完成下列各题。
李商隐，字义山，怀州河内人。曾祖叔恒，年十九登进士第，位终安阳令。祖俌，位终邢州录事参军。父嗣。
商隐幼能为文。令狐楚镇河阳以所业文干之年才及弱冠楚以其少俊深礼之令与诸子游。楚镇天平、汴州，从为巡官，岁给资装，令随计上都。开成二年，方登进士第，释褐秘书省校书郎，调补弘农尉。会昌二年，又以书判拔萃。
王茂元镇河阳，辟为掌书记，得侍御史。茂元爱其才，以子妻之。茂元虽读书为儒，然本将家子，李德裕素遇之，时德裕秉政，用为河阳帅。德裕与李宗闵、杨嗣复、令狐楚大相雠怨，商隐既为茂元从事，宗闵党大薄之。时令狐楚已卒，子绹为员外郎，以商隐背恩，尤恶其无行。俄而茂元卒，来游京师，久之不调。会给事中郑亚廉察桂州，请为观察判官、检校水部员外郎。大中初，白敏中执政，令狐绹在内署，共排李德裕逐之。亚坐德裕党，亦贬循州刺史。商隐随亚在岭表累载。
三年入朝，京兆尹卢弘正奏署掾曹，令典笺奏。明年，令狐绹作相，商隐屡启陈情，绹不之省。弘正镇徐州，又从为掌书记。府罢入朝，复以文章干绹，乃补太学博士。会河南尹柳仲郢镇东蜀，辟为节度判官、检校工部郎中。大中末，仲郢坐专杀左迁，商隐废罢，还郑州，未几病卒。
商隐能为古文，不喜偶对。从事令狐楚幕。楚能章奏，遂以其道授商隐，自是始为今体章奏。博学强记，下笔不能自休，尤善为诔奠之辞。与太原温庭筠、南郡段成式齐名，时号“三十六体”。文思清丽，庭筠过之。而俱无持操，恃才诡激，为当涂者所薄。名宦不进，坎壈终身。
弟义叟，亦以进士擢第，累为宾佐。商隐有表状集四十卷。
（节选自《旧唐书》）
【1】文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是
A.令狐楚镇河阳/以所业文干之年/才及弱冠/楚以其少俊/深礼之/令与诸子游
B.令狐楚镇河阳/以所业文干之/年才及弱冠/楚以其少俊深/礼之/令与诸子游
C.令狐楚镇河阳/以所业文干之/年才及弱冠/楚以其少俊/深礼之/令与诸子游
D.令狐楚镇河阳/以所业文干之年/才及弱冠/楚以其少俊/深礼之令/与诸子游
【2】下列对文中相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是
A．进士，指在中国古代科举制度中，通过最后一级中央政府朝廷考试者。唐设进士科，凡应试者谓之举进士，中试者皆称进士。
B．“释褐”指脱去平民穿的粗布衣服，换上官员服饰，比喻开始担任官职。
C．员外郎，中国古代官职之一，原指设于正额以外的郎官。隋朝于尚书省二十四司各置员外郎一人，为各司之次官。
D．“诔”和“奠”都属于祭文，二者在写作重点及韵散要求方面没有区别。
【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是
A．李商隐先后得到令狐楚和王茂元的赏识，又恰恰因为二人的党派之争陷入了困境，被令狐绹视为忘恩负义、品行不端之人。
B．令狐楚因为商隐是少年俊才而深加礼敬，使其与读书人交游；王茂元爱惜义山的才华，把女儿许配给他。
C．李商隐得到令狐楚的赏识做了朝廷命官，令狐楚每年给他衣食，还让他随考核官吏到上都任职，又提拔他为秘书省校书郎。
D．李商隐能写古文，不喜欢讲究对仗，进入令狐楚的幕府后才开始写今体带对偶的章奏；他文思清丽，尤其擅写诔文和奠文。
【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（1）茂元虽读书为儒，然本将家子，李德裕素遇之，时德裕秉政，用为河阳帅。
（2）而俱无持操，恃才诡激，为当涂者所薄。名宦不进，坎壈终身。
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