Researchers at Loma Linda University in California found that people who drank at least five glasses of water each day were less likely to die from a heart attack than those who drank two or fewer glasses per day. In contrast(相反), people who drank a lot of other fluids(流体) were more likely to die from heart attack than those who drink less, with high levels of non-water drinking in women connected with a more than twice increased risk of death.

The results are based on lifestyle surveys(调查) sent out in 1976 to people living in California. This analysis(分析) is based on answers from 8 820 men and 12 017 women, who were all aged 38 years or older in 1976.

The authors, led by Dr. Jacqueline Chan, followed the participants(参与者) for 6 years and noticed their rates of coronary heart disease(冠心病). A total of 246 respondents(响应者) died from heart disease during the follow-up period.

Chan and her team found that women who drank more than five 8-ounce glasses of water each day were 41% less likely to die from heart attack during the study period than those who drank two or fewer glasses daily. In high water drinking men, that risk decreased by 54%.

But when they looked at drinking of other fluids, including coffee, tea, juice, milk and alcohol, the risk was reversed(相反的), with heavy drinking women showing a more than twice higher risk of dying of heart attack. Heavy non-water drinking in men was connected with a 46% increase in the risk of heart attack death.

1. About __________people in California took part in the survey started from the 1970s.

A. 12 017　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    　　   B. 8 820

C. 246　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. 20 000

2. The aim to carry out the survey is to find out__________.

A. the most delicious and healthful kind of fluid in America

B. the condition of different kinds of lifestyle and their effects

C. the relation between drinking water and the heart attack risk

D. the reason why people are often likely to have a heart attack

3. Researchers found that women who drank over five glasses of water each day__________.

A. were 41% less likely to die from heart attack than those who drank other fluids

B. would decrease 54% the risk of suffering from heart attack than those who drank less water

C. were less likely to die from a heart attack than those who drank two or fewer glasses per day

D. would reduce 46% the risk of heart attack than men who drank the same amount of water

4. The conclusion that the researchers drew from the survey is that__________.

A. the more water one drinks, the fewer diseases he’ll have

B. drinking more water daily can reduce the risk of heart attack

C. fresh water must be better to our health than any other food

D. fluids like coffee, tea, juice, milk and alcohol are all harmful

　　All over the country these days, electronic mail messages are ending with this strange little mark:--) or one of its many variants（变体）, like: (.

　　It was 20 years ago that Scott Fahlman taught the Net how to smile. The Carnegie Mellon computer scientist has devoted his life to man-made intelligence, the practice of teaching computers how to think like humans, but the bearded scientist is perhaps best known for a flash of inspiration（灵感）that helped to define（定义）Internet culture.

　　By the early 1980's the Computer Science group at Carnegie Mellon was making heavy use of online bulletin boards or “boards”. A good many of the posts were humorous. The problem was that if someone made a humorous remark, a few readers would fail to get the joke. This problem caused some people to suggest (only half seriously) that maybe it would be a good idea to clearly mark posts that were not to be taken seriously. After all, when using text--based online communication, we lack the body language or the tone of voice that communicates this information when we talk in person or on the phone.

　　So on Sept. 19, 1982, Fahlman typed :--) in an online message.“I had no idea I was starting something that would soon pollute all the world's communications channels.” he wrote later. The“smiley face”has since become common in online communication, allowing 12-year-old girls and corporate lawyers alike to mark their messages with a quick symbol that says, “Hey, I'm only joking.”

　　This creation caught on quickly around Carnegie Mellon, and soon spread to other universities and research labs by means of the computer networks of the day. Since then, the smiling icons (marks) have taken the e-mail world by storm. Now called emotions, short for emotive（情感）icons. Fahlman's smiley face encouraged the creation of thousands of variants.

　　Yahoo, Microsoft and America Online all put emotions into their instant-- messaging systems, while telecom companies, jewelry makers and online merchants have sent in trademark applications（申请）for products and ads that include Fahlman's smiley face.

　　But Fahlman has never seen a cent from his creation. “If it cost people a cent to use it, nobody would have used it. This is my little gift to the world, for better or worse.”he said.

(1) What do the underlined words this information in paragraph 3 refer to?

[　　]

A．The body language.

B．The suggestion of marking posts.

C．The tone of voice.

D．The humors behind the words.

(2) The purpose of Fahlman in typing the first smiley face was ________.

[　　]

A．to explain to others that he didn't take his message seriously

B．to fill all the world's communication channels with smiley faces

C．to make money out of telecom companies and online merchants

D．to show his happy feelings and to help to define Internet culture

(3) What does the passage mainly talk about?

[　　]

A．Internet culture.

B．Electronic mail message.

C．Fahlman's creation.

D．Online smiley face.

Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life.

Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you, ” Fu said. “But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape（形状）and color. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”

1. Why is the food called “brains”?

A. Because it looks like brains.

B. Because it has animal brains in it.

C. Because Fu’s mother liked the name.

D. Because it makes one clever and live longer.

2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, what was one of the things he demanded(要求)？

A. The food must be used to help sick people.

B. The restaurant shouldn’t offer any other food.

C. The restaurant should use his mother’s name.

D. The shape of the food must never be changed.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The restaurant owner refused Fu’s demands.

B. The name cost the restaurant too much money.

C. Fu sold the secret to other restaurants, too.

D. The restaurant owner agreed to Fu’s demands.

4. What has made brains a popular food in Shanxi?

A. They are served in many restaurants there.

B. They are good for health and have a strange name.

C. The food must be used to help the sick.

D. They are made of Chinese medicines and wine.

5. What is the best title for the passage?

A. A Good Son

B. A Special Soup

C. How to Make Brains

D. How to Live a Long Life

Most children go to public elementary schools(小学) and secondary schools. The parents of public school pupils do not have to pay directly for these children’s education because tax money supports the public schools. If a child attends a private school, his parents pay the school for the child’s education.

Today about half of the high school graduates go on to colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities receive tax money from the government. A student at a state university does not have to pay much if his parents live in that state. Private colleges and universities are expensive, however. Almost half of college students in the United States work while they are studying. When a student’s family is not rich, he has to earn money for part of his college expenses.

1. Students in State Universities ______ if their parents live in that state.

A. pay less　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　   B. cost less

C. pay more　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. cost more

2. The parents of children who attend private schools ______ for their children’s education.

A. have to pay

B. have to make preparations

C. don’t have to pay

D. don’t have to make preparation

3. Nearly half of all college students ______ while they are in school.

A. are free

B. are busy

C. have part-time jobs

D. have full-time jobs

4. The best title for the passage would be “______”.

A. Schools in the USA

B. Elementary Schools in the USA

C. Secondary Schools in the USA

D. Colleges and Universities in the USA

If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible. ”It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation（动力）to seek improvement.

1. Teachers are different in their opinions about______.

A. the difficulties in teaching spelling

B. the role of spelling in general language development

C. the complexities of the basic writing skills

D. the necessity of teaching spelling

2. The expression “play safe” probably means______.

A. to write carefully

B. to do as teachers say

C. to use dictionaries frequently

D. to avoid using words one is not sure of

3. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______.

A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely

B. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

C. students will have more confidence in writing

D. students will learn to be independent of teachers

4. The writer seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is______.

A. reasonable

B. unfair

C. foolish

D. careless

5. The major point discussed in the passage is______.

A. the importance of developing writing skills

B. the complexities of spelling

C. the correct way of marking composition

D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

Then why am I able to write about computers?  I can write on this subject because of these shortcomings. The last two years of learning has been an ordeal for me. By hard work I have managed to learn enough to use computers fairly well, and to work with people who know a great deal more than I. Since I have learned all this at such personal cost, I would like to share my knowledge with others. More and more people want to know about computers, and want to know quickly.

The best way to learn is to take a course. However, many people do not have the time for this. They will have to find some other ways to get some basic information. I hope to be able to help them by writing about some of the things I have learned by myself.

I have a home computer on which I’ve learned in my own time. I have used it like a home study course. I have sat down with it day after day, night after night. I have forced it to give up some of its secrets. Now I can use it to do some of the work that I get paid for. And I can do this work in my own home, instead of in an office. Many people may soon be working on a computer at home, just as many now take in other people’s typing.

Some things about computers are easier than you may fear. First, computers are logical. Things that at first seem difficult will make sense to you after you learn the rules. Second, it is really not hard to learn enough to use today’s machines. You do not need to have a great brain. But you do have to learn to think in new ways. And you do have to keep a good bit of information in your head. Finally, there are many people around who are really enthusiastic about computers. These people are always happy to be of help.

1. The purpose of writing this article is to ______.

A. help those who want to learn computers

B. tell us that it’s difficult to learn computers

C. let us know how hardworking the writer was

D. show us how to make money at home through computers

2. The underlined word “ordeal” probably means ______.

A. an interesting experience

B. something easy

C. something difficult

D. a tiring job

3. According to the passage, a home computer can be best described as ______.

A. puzzling　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. frightening

C. friendly　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. logical

4. We can learn from the passage that the writer ______.

A. often helps his co-workers

B. knows a lot about computers

C. wants to give a computer course to others

D. likes writing very much

5. According to the writer, a computer can be used at home to ______.

A. take typing for fun

B. help you change your job

C. help you make money in some way

D. take a college course

NORAD will have more and more rubbish to watch as the years go by. Some bits fall back to earth, like the Russian satellite C954, which crashed in the Northern Territories of Canada in 1978. Crashing junk could give us a bad headache. Most of the stuff(工作人员) will stay up there (we hope）！The sad fact is that we who are alive today will not be clearing our own junk tomorrow. Perhaps we will just be watching from some other safe place as it goes round and round the earth!

1. Setting up space stations is ______.

A. something in a story

B. already made

C. just an idea

D. to be made very soon

2. Why are there so many bits circling the earth? Because ______.

A. there are many space stations

B. these bits are watched by NORAD

C. these bits are from marbles or basketballs

D. these bits are from some satellites or other objects in space

3. The junk will ______.

A. become more and more

B. be cleared up

C. make people have a bad headache

D. be circling Mars

4. NORAD is ______ as the years go by.

A. busier and busier

B. staying up there

C. becoming more and more

D. moving to another safe place

5. The saddest thing mentioned in the passage is that ______.

A. Radar and NORAD have to watch 38 000 objects in all

B. by the year 2050 there will so many objects orbiting the earth

C. some bits will fall back to the earth

D. we can send up objects but we can’t clear them up

Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children’s books were published. Since then, he has written forty-five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.

Doctor Strong’s books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures, which bring life to his animals. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.

Most of Doctor Strong’s books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in MecElligot’s Pool, he describes the dangers of pollution(污染). He discusses the arms race(军备竞赛)in The Butter Battle Book, written in 1984.

Doctor Strong is almost 84 years old now. He says he never planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words for everyone, even a child, to understand his books.

1. Doctor Strong became famous in______.

A. his eighties when his art show was traveling around the world

B. his fifties when his drawings and writings were published

C. his thirties when his children’s books were first sold in America

D. 1984 when his book MecElligot’s Pool was published

2. Doctor Strong’s books are very popular in America because______.

A. they are stories about animals

B. they are written in easy words with colorful pictures

C. he organized the art show in California

D. they are written in a funny way

3. Doctor Strong writes such books in order______.

A. to show his pictures

B. to organize a special art show of his own

C. to interest his young readers only

D. not only to interest people but also to expose(揭露)some serious social problems

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1. Which of the following advertising rates is the lowest?

A. Services.

B. Legal&General Notices.

C. Education.

D. Recruitment.

2. If someone wants to advertise his trade goods in the newspaper, the least fee he’ll pay is RMB __________yuan.

A. 140　　　　    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    B. 170

C. 360　　　　　　 &n
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3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The smaller the size is, the lower the advertising rate is.

B. The larger the size is, he lower the advertising rate is.

C. The size has nothing to do with the advertising rate.

D. The advertising fee is decided only by the size.

4. China Daily refuses to accept the advertisement that__________.

A. contains any illustrations

B. is put in after the deadline

C. is too long

D. contains anything false

Roman buildings were popular only as long as builders were limited in how tall they could make a building. They had not learned how to support the walls of a tall building.

About 1140, a new kind of building appeared in Europe. These new buildings were churches, or cathedrals, and they were seen first in France. Today, these cathedrals are called Gothic(哥特式的) buildings. Their pointed arches(拱门) rise toward the sky. They look very different from the Roman buildings that have low arches and thick walls. Unlike the dark Pantheon(万神殿) all these buildings are full of light.

Builders of the Gothic cathedrals found a new way to build strong walls and tall arches. They built supports outside the building. These supports, called “flying buttress(扶壁) ”, helped hold the walls. Buttress made it possible to build high buildings.

One end of a narrow beam(栋梁), or the flying buttress, was planted away from the wall. The other end was placed high up on the wall. The flying buttress acted like a crutch(支柱).

Since these buildings had many windows, artists made pictures in them by using small pieces of colored glass held together with lead(铅). Sunlight shines through the glass and made soft splashes of color inside the churches. Stained(染色的) glass windows and flying buttresses were part of every Gothic cathedral.

1. The Roman did not build tall buildings because__________.

A. they didn’t want to use flying buttress

B. they didn’t know how to support tall walls

C. they didn’t need tall buildings

D. people liked low, round buildings better

2. The windows of Gothic cathedrals__________.

A. were made of colored glass

B. were very thick

C. were narrow and long

D. were like those in Roman buildings

3. We can infer from the passage that__________.

A. glass windows could support Gothic buildings

B. flying buttresses were only used to make the building more beautiful

C. tall buildings needed extra support for their walls

D. building Gothic cathedrals was an easy job

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Roman buildings had no outside supports.

B. Roman buildings had large colored glass windows.

C. The walls of Roman buildings were not very thick.

D. Roman buildings looked much like Gothic buildings.