What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小题1】The passage is most probably a______.

Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver ,t

he spirit of generosity is  instantly noticeable: donation box stands in place of

a cash register customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.

A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Café has done one unchangeable thing i

n the MileHigh City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant allows p

oor local customers who cannot pay to work as volunteers instead. They can act as

waitersandwaitresses,anddishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment

for the cafe.It’s based on trust, and it’s working all right”, says co-owne

r Brad Birky, who started the caféin 2006. Previously volunteering at soup kitc

hens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served t

here. “We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where every-one felt co

mfortable,regardless of their circumstances,” Birky says. SAME’s special lunc

h menu changs daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farm

ers. The café now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And

the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 

2007,one volunteer who hadcleared snow for his meals during the long winter sai

d goodbye to the Birkys.He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hu

rricane clearing up,” says Birky. 

1.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?

2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

3.The author’s attitude towards running such a café is_______

What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小题1】The passage is most probably a______.

单词拼写(共10小题; 每小题0.5分, 满分5分)
【小题1】The lady thinks her husband is very r________, because he is very honest and positive.
【小题2】However, all hope was not lost. Many soldiers and volunteers came to r________ the survivors.
【小题3】More than 100 passengers were i____________ in the traffic accident on July, 23 and they were sent to the nearest hospital in Wenzhou.
【小题4】The people in the western part s____________ a lot from drought (干旱) this summer.
【小题5】People are encouraged to take the public t_______________ instead of driving their cars to work to reduce air pollution.
【小题6】He is as stubborn as a mule. Nobody can p______________ him to change his mind.
【小题7】 My roommate happens to have moved away so you can s_______________ the room with me.
【小题8】It’s your strong determination and active a_____________ towards life that leads you to success.
【小题9】Earthquake is a natural d_______________, which can not be forecast yet. As a result, it causes great losses.
【小题10】Of the two famous athletes in dash(短跑), the former is lightning Usain Bolt from Jamaica(牙买加); the l____________ is Tyson Gay from America.

单词拼写(共10小题; 每小题0.5分, 满分5分)

1.The lady thinks her husband is very r________, because he is very honest and positive.

2.However, all hope was not lost. Many soldiers and volunteers came to r________ the survivors.

3.More than 100 passengers were i____________ in the traffic accident on July, 23 and they were sent to the nearest hospital in Wenzhou.

4.The people in the western part s____________ a lot from drought (干旱) this summer.

5.People are encouraged to take the public t_______________ instead of driving their cars to work to reduce air pollution.

6.He is as stubborn as a mule. Nobody can p______________ him to change his mind.

7. My roommate happens to have moved away so you can s_______________ the room with me.

8.It’s your strong determination and active a_____________ towards life that leads you to success.

9.Earthquake is a natural d_______________, which can not be forecast yet. As a result, it causes great losses.

10.Of the two famous athletes in dash(短跑), the former is lightning Usain Bolt from Jamaica(牙买加); the l____________ is Tyson Gay from America.