We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？ Shouldn’t we know who they are?

Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more willing to give inventing a try.”

Her students agree. One young man with a patent（专利）for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so useful.” Lee is now considering to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device(装置) for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birminghan, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

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完形填空(共20小题, 每小题1分，满分20分)

Soon Tommy's parents, who had recently separated (分居), would arrive for a meeting on his failing schoolwork and 16 behavior. Neither parent knew that I had called up 17 .

Tommy, an only child, had 18 been happy, cooperative, and an excellent student. How could I make his father and mother 19  that his recent failing grades 20  a brokenhearted child's reaction to his respected parents' separation and possible 21 ?

Tommy's mother came in and 22  one of the chairs I had placed near my desk. Then the father 23  and was obviously surprised to see his wife. They pointedly(显然) ignored each other.

As I gave a detailed 24  of Tommy's behavior and schoolwork, I prayed for the 25  words to bring these two together to help them see what they were doing to their son. 26  somehow the words wouldn't come.

I found a crumpled (弄皱的), tear-stained 27  stuffed (塞) in the back of Tommy's desk. Writing covered both sides, a single 28  scribbled (乱写) over and over.

Silently I smoothed(弄平) it out and gave it to Tommy's mother. She read it and then without a word handed it to her husband. He 29  . Then his face softened. He studied the scribbled words for 30 seemed a future life.

At last he folded the paper carefully and 31   his wife's outstretched(伸出的) hand. She wiped the tears from her 32  and smiled up at him. I also couldn't keep back tears, but 33  seemed to notice.

In this way I used the words to 34  that family. On the sheet of yellow copy paper 35 with the painful outpouring of a small boy's troubled heart, it said.

"Dear Mother ... Dear Daddy ... I love you ... I love you ... I love you."

1.                A．satisfying       B．exciting         C．disappointing D．surprising

2.                A．the others       B．the other       C．another one   D．each other

3.                A．never          B．rarely          C．always    D．usually

4.                A．hope           B．believe         C．promise D．trust

5.                A．stood for        B．looked for       C．cared for D．made for

6.                A．happiness       B．cruelty         C．selfishness    D．divorce

7.                A．got            B．took           C．possessed     D．seated

8.                A．reached        B．sat             C．arrived   D．went

9.                A．account        B．record          C．comment D．paper

10.               A．common        B．exciting         C．mistaken   D．right

11.               A．So             B．And           C．But   D．Then

12.               A．letter          B．sheet          C．message   D．schoolwork

13.               A．word          B．article          C．phrase    D．sentence

14.               A．cried          B．laughed        C．frowned   D．smiled

15.               A．which          B．as if            C．what D．when

16.               A．reached for     B．hunted for      C．kept off   D．searched for

17.               A．faces          B．eyes           C．head D．nose

18.               A．both           B．neither         C．either     D．none

19.               A．reunite         B．unite           C．satisfy     D．help

20.               A．lined           B．formed         C．written    D．covered

Soon Tommy’s parents, who had recently separated, would arrive for a conference on his failing schoolwork and bad behavior. Neither parent knew that I had called the other.
Tommy, an only child, had always been happy, cooperative and an excellent student. How could I convince his father and mother that his recent failing grades represented a broken-hearted child’s reaction to his parents’ separation and pending (即将发生的) divorce?
Tommy’s mother entered and took one of the chairs. Soon the father arrived. Good! At least they were concerned enough to be here in time. They ignored each other.
As I gave a detailed account of Tommy’s behavior and schoolwork, I prayed for the right words to bring these two together to help them see what they were doing to their son. But somehow the words wouldn’t come. Perhaps if they saw one of his dirty, carelessly done papers?
I found a sheet in the back of his desk. Writing covered both sides: not the assignment, but a single sentence scribbled (潦草地写) over and over.
Silently I gave it to Tommy’s mother. She read it and then handed it to her husband. Then his face softened.
At last he folded the paper carefully, placed it in his pocket, and reached for his wife’s hand. She wiped the tears from her eyes and smiled up at him. He helped her with her coat and they left together.
In his own way God had given me the words to reunite that family. He had guided me to the sheet of yellow copy paper covered with the pain out pouring of a small boy’s troubled heart.
The words are “Dear Mom…Dear Daddy… I love you…”
【小题1】The author called Tommy’s parents in order to ________.

—Hi，Tommy.Are you busy now?

—________.I have done my work，and I’m going out for shopping.

A．Don’t mention it? B．Nothing serious

C．Not really? D．Never mind

完形填空(共20小题, 每小题1分，满分20分)
Soon Tommy's parents, who had recently separated (分居), would arrive for a meeting on his failing schoolwork and 16 behavior. Neither parent knew that I had called up 17 .
Tommy, an only child, had 18 been happy, cooperative, and an excellent student. How could I make his father and mother 19  that his recent failing grades 20  a brokenhearted child's reaction to his respected parents' separation and possible 21 ?
Tommy's mother came in and 22  one of the chairs I had placed near my desk. Then the father 23  and was obviously surprised to see his wife. They pointedly(显然) ignored each other.
As I gave a detailed 24  of Tommy's behavior and schoolwork, I prayed for the 25  words to bring these two together to help them see what they were doing to their son. 26  somehow the words wouldn't come.
I found a crumpled (弄皱的), tear-stained 27  stuffed (塞) in the back of Tommy's desk. Writing covered both sides, a single 28  scribbled (乱写) over and over.
Silently I smoothed(弄平) it out and gave it to Tommy's mother. She read it and then without a word handed it to her husband. He 29  . Then his face softened. He studied the scribbled words for 30 seemed a future life.
At last he folded the paper carefully and 31   his wife's outstretched(伸出的) hand. She wiped the tears from her 32  and smiled up at him. I also couldn't keep back tears, but 33  seemed to notice.
In this way I used the words to 34  that family. On the sheet of yellow copy paper 35 with the painful outpouring of a small boy's troubled heart, it said.
"Dear Mother ... Dear Daddy ... I love you ... I love you ... I love you."