A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves --- the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”

Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clear will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.

Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.

Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.

60．The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.

A. words have a lasting effect on us　 B. inspiring words give us confidence

C. negative words may let us down　 D. not sticks and stones but words will hurt us

61．There is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _____.

　　　 A. almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves

　　　 B. talking to ourselves always gives us courage

　　　 C. we can benefit from talking to ourselves

　　　 D. it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone

62．The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely ______.

　　 A. remind ourselves　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. praise ourselves

　　　 C. make ourselves relaxed　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. give ourselves amusement

63．The author would probably hold the view that ______.

　　　 A. encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers

　　　 B. negative words may stimulate us to make more progress

　　　 C. people tend to remember friendly words

　　　 D. it is better to think twice before talking to others

A. accompanied     B. trend        C. resist      D. murder     E. incredible

F. severe           G. involving    H. tolerant     I. roughly     J. particular

Drunken driving——sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of  1_——has become a national infectious disease．Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an 2   number of 250,000over the past decade．

A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0．10 blood alcohol content or      3 three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours．Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not4  in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially 5young children, that public opinion is no longer so 6   of it．

Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, altering a7  in the 1960s to reduce it to 18．After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21．

Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless8   by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to9   strong pressure to drink．

Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decrease in fatalities（死亡事故）．Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks．

Section B

Drunken driving——sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of41_——has become a national infectious disease．Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an42number of 250,000over the past decade．

A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0．10 blood alcohol content or      43three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours．Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not44in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially45young children, that public opinion is no longer so      46      of it．

Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, altering a47in the 1960s to reduce it to 18．After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21．

Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless48by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to49strong pressure to drink．

Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decrease in fatalities（死亡事故）．Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks．

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.

One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way. 

Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of t he century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.

68．Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A. Because silent reading had not been discovered.

B. Because there were few places for private reading.

C. Because few people could read for themselves.

D. Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.

69．The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.

A. a change in the position of literate people

B. a change in the nature of reading

C. an increase in the number of books

D. an increase in the average age of readers

70． Educationalists are still arguing about__________.

A. the importance of silent reading

B. the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C. the effects of reading on health

D. the value of different types of reading material

“Long time no see!” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend’s email, I laughed. I thought it was a typical 　1 of Clingfish.

Obviously it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greeting with a 　2 English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American 　3 .

I was 　4 thrilled to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a 　5 on Google. To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages 　6 “Long time no see”. This sentence has been 　7 used in emails, letters, newspapers, 　8 , or any other possible place. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language 　9 Americans use daily. However, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the 　10 will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.

Nobody knows the origin of this Clingfish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In 1910s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a world wide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by 　11 Confucius(孔子). “Long time no see” was his trademark. Soon “Long time no see” became a 　12 phrase in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.

Some people 　13 America to a huge melting pot(大熔炉). All kinds of culture are mixed in the pot together, and they 　14 the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group in the United States, is also contributing some changes to be 　15 in the mixed pot. 　

1．　A example 　　　　　　　　 B. sign 　　　　　　　 C. word　 　　　　　　　　 D. change

2．　A. correct　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. practical　　　　　 C. ruined 　　　　　　　　　 D. handy

3．　A. custom 　　　　　　　　 B. greeting 　　　　 C. habit　 　　　　　　　　　 D. proverb

4．　A. \　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. little　　　　　　　　 C. too 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. very

5．　A. job　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. research 　　　　 C. survey　 　　　　　　　 D. search

6．　A. containing 　　　　　　 B. printing 　　　　 C. publishing 　　　　　　 D. expressing

7．　A. widely　 　　　　　　　 B. hardly　 　　　　 C. seldom　 　　　　　　　 D. search

8．　A. essays　　　　　　　　　　 B. movies 　　　　　 C. biography　　　　　　　　 D. files

9．　A. what　　　　　　　　　　　 B. how　　　　　　　　 C. whether　　　　　　　　　 D. that

10．A. hardware 　　　　　　　　　　 B. software 　　　 C. operator 　　　　　　　 D. speaker

11．A. quoting 　　　　　　　　　 B. quoted 　　　　　　 C. having quoted 　　　　 D. being quoted

12．A. ordinary 　　　　　　　 B. rare 　　　　　　　 C. modern　 　　　　　　　 D. popular

13．A. compare 　　　　　　　 B. add 　　　　　　　 C. join 　　　　　　　　　　 D. owe

14．A. improve 　　　　　　　 B. change 　　　　　 C. lower 　　　　　　　　　 D. promote

15．A. influenced　 　　　　　 B. mentioned 　　 C. used　 　　　　　　　　　 D. considered