New rules and behaviour standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out(颁布) in March. Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. The following are some of the new rules.?
Tell the truth. Have you ever cheated(作弊) in an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something honest students should do.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join! In that way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect www.zk5u.com中考资源网 them.?
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll find another earth in space in the future. Everyone’s new ideas are important.
Protect yourself. Has a thief ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go back home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your study. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at the good web pageswww.zk5u.com中考资源网. You can use the web pages for fun or homework.?
1. When did the new rules and behaviour standards for middle school students come out?
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. What should the best students do in an exam? ?
_________________________________________________________________________.
3. What should you do if you have to go back home late?
_________________________________________________________________________.
4. What can the children use the good web pages for? ?
_________________________________________________________________________.
5. What is the right attitude(态度) to new ideas?
_________________________________________________________________________.

阅读下面两个材料并回答问题：
【材料一】2011年10月3日，诺贝尔奖委员会宣布，美国科学家布鲁斯·巴特勒、卢森堡科学家朱尔斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼获得2011年诺贝尔医学生理学奖。在长期进化过程中人体具备两种免疫机能：一是“固有免疫”，二是“获得性免疫”。布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼的获奖领域在前者；而拉尔夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼发现了由“Toll”基因编码的关键受体蛋白，该受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，并激活“固有免疫”，打开免疫反应的第一步；拉尔夫·斯坦曼发现的树突状细胞在免疫应答中作用，树突状细胞在体内游弋，发现并摄取病原体的特异性抗原，并报告给T淋巴细胞，T细胞将调动其他免疫细胞发生级联反应，最终消灭病原体。
（1）材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫，这种免疫对所有的病原体都有防御作用。（1分）
（2）下列有关“Toll”基因的叙述正确的是：_____________（单选）（1分）
A．Toll基因只存在于免疫细胞中
B．Toll基因编码受体蛋白，体现基因对性状的直接控制
C．Toll基因编码的受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，体现了免疫细胞的特异性识别
D．效应T细胞能与靶细胞密切接触就是该受体功能体现
（3）下列有关树突状细胞的叙述正确的是：_____________________（不定项）
A．树突状细胞在免疫中发挥作用，说明神经系统与免疫系统功能密切相关
B．在细胞免疫和体液免疫中树突状细胞所起的作用没有明显差别
C．树突状细胞能够处理和呈递病原体的抗原特异性
D．树突状细胞可触发T细胞发生免疫反应
E．树突状细胞可能是一种吞噬细胞
【材料二】（根据南方周末《乔布斯的错误与诺奖得主的试验》整理）就在瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布本年度诺贝尔医学奖的前3天，斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸离世，他没能亲耳听到自己获奖的喜讯，令人惋惜。就在他离世死后的第6天“改变世界”的IT精英乔布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
两人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率极高的恶性肿瘤。乔布斯患的是“胰腺内分泌型肿瘤”，该病症病情发展缓慢，能存活数年的患者不在少数。但这位著名的素食主义者曾一度拒绝手术治疗，导致肿瘤细胞转移，病情迅速恶化。
而斯坦曼所患的病症为“胰腺外分泌型肿瘤”，该病患者的存活期往往只有数月。斯坦曼在2007年确诊胰腺癌后，就积极尝试基于树突状细胞的治疗性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助这种“细胞免疫疗法”，他的生命从预期的数月延长至4年。
（4）乔布斯癌变的细胞可能是_____________细胞，该细胞的分泌物与_________________。系统消灭癌细胞的过程是_____________（填一种特异性免疫）发挥作用。
（5）斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其体内的树突状细胞和肿瘤细胞中提取的一种短肽（即治疗性疫苗），该短肽在免疫中作为_____________引起人体发生免疫反应。除树突状细胞外，斯坦曼体能够特异性识别这种短肽的细胞还有（至少写出3种）______________________________________。
（6）有人认为DC疫苗对防治癌症有一定的疗效，原因是：通过免疫反应斯坦曼体内的免疫系统产生抗体，抗体与该短肽特异性结合，使短肽失效。你认为这个解释对吗，____________，请说出你的理由：_________________________。（共2分）
（7）斯坦曼生前尝试注射过三种DC疫苗，却还是未能逃出死神的魔掌，请从免疫学的角度分析导致他死亡的可能原因是：________________________________________。

细胞通讯是指一个细胞发出的信息通过介质传递到另一个细胞产生相应的反应。细胞间的通讯对于多细胞生物调节生命活动是必需的。下图是几种细胞通讯的实例，下列说法错误的是                     （   ）

A．甲图中a是胰岛素，肝细胞上的受体与a结合后，可引起糖元的合成速率加快

B．乙图中的b是细胞表面受体，其化学本质是糖蛋白

C．丙图中的抗体是由游离于细胞质基质中的核糖体合成，内质网运输，高尔基体再加工后经外排方式分泌的，它的产生与释放都不需要能量

D．发生丙图中生理过程的e细胞至少接受过两次过敏原的刺激，它释放的d物质为组织胺

Is the world too crowded? Well, that’s a hard question to answer. It’s all a matter of perspective(视角).In Montana, you might drive for a mile in any direction and not see another human being. In Macao, 60,000 people live in every square mile!
What is true is that the world’s population doesn’t stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate(比例).That’s in part because in each generation(代) these are more people who then have children than in the last generation.
Five hundred years ago, the population of the world was about 460 million. In 1900,the world’s population was under 2 billion(十亿).Right now it is doubling every 40 years. That means, if this rate of growth continues, when you are a parent, there will be twice as many people on earth as there are now. Wow! Now that’s a whole lot of people! Soon the world’s population will probably reach 7 billion. Some people worry about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about just how many people on earth equals(相当于) too many people. But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources(资源) the world needs to feed, house and take care of all of them, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the earth’s resources.
【小题1】From the first paragraph we can know that ­________.

A．Montana is too crowded

B．Macao is too crowded

C．the world is too crowded

D．the world is not too crowded

【小题2】The population is increasing fast partly because ________.

A．people live longer than before

B．there are less wars than before

C．medicine is developing faster than before

D．more couples now would like to have children than before

【小题3】What was the world’s population 100 years ago?

A．450 million.	B．about 2 billion.
C．40 billion.	D．7 billion.

【小题4】The writer thinks that with the population increasing, we should ________.

A．find more resources

B．use more resources

C．think about our ways of living

D．move to other places

【小题5】From the passage we can learn that the writer ________.

A．thinks the world already has too many people

B．thinks the world can feed no more than 7 billion people

C．is not sure when the world’s population will reach 7 billion

D．is not sure what the largest population that the world can feed is