Sometimes people are not clear about what kind of food is healthy, and what kind of food may do harm to our health. The USDA has prepared a food guide to help people learn about which kind of food is the healthiest to eat. The food guide describes six main food groups: meat (like fish and chicken), dairy (like milk and cheese),grains (like bread and rice), fruit and vegetables. The last group is fats and sweets. The USDA also suggests how much of each food group is healthy to eat daily. Though this guide was prepared by the US government, it is very useful for people all over the world.
As a result of years of study, we know that too much animal fat is bad for our health. For example, Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small amount of grains, fruit and vegetables. Because of the way they eat, they have a high rate of cancer and heart disease. In Japan, people eat large amounts of grains and very little meat. The Japanese also have a very low rate of cancer and heart disease. The Japanese live longer than anyone else in the world. However, when Japanese people move to the US, the rate of heart disease and cancer goes up as their eating habit changes. And as hamburgers, ice creams and other high-fat foods become popular in Japan, the rate of heart disease and cancer is going up there as well. People are also eating more meat and dairy food in other countries, in which the disease rate is going up along with the change of the way people eat. Doctors everywhere suggest people eat more grains, fruit and vegetables and less meat and dairy food.
Eating healthily is important for children as well as their parents. When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat in the same way as their parents. When parents eat healthy food, the children will learn to enjoy it, too. Then they will develop good eating habits. Doctors suggest parents give their children healthier food such as fruit, vegetables and juice.
Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life. We know that the food we eat affects us in different ways. For example, doctors believe that fruit and vegetables can really protect people from many different diseases. On the other hand, animal fat can cause diseases. We can change our eating habits now and enjoy many years of healthy living.
【小题1】What is the USDA in the passage?

阅读下列短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

People talk about the problems with diet and dieting, and use them as an excuse for ending, or for not beginning a weight-loss plan. The main problems are that most people don’t know how the body works or they are unwilling to change their lifestyles. When correctly solved you will find these problems will disappear and will finally be a part of your lifestyle.

One problem with diet and dieting is that people complain of often feeling hungry. In fact, slimming doesn’t mean eating less. It just means eating differently. You should eat more foods rich in fiber(纤维) instead of foods high in fat. It is possible to be slim without ever feeling hungry. Eating more nutrient-rich(营养丰富的) foods also means you feel less hungry because your body is getting what it needs.

Another difficulty is the desire(欲望). Most people complain that they cannot eat their favorite foods because of the weight-loss plans, which causes them to eat too much “bad” food. A slimming plan shouldn’t mean you can just eat “bad” food. While there are some foods that you should limit, there is no harm if you take small amounts now and then. Eating one chocolate bar once in a while is not going to end a healthy eating plan..

Time can be another problem. When you’re busy, it seems much easier to just have a snack than to prepare a well-balanced meal. Slimming doesn’t mean spending more time. It also helps you save money. Fill your fridge with some food that can be thrown into a bag and eaten anytime. Also, with a little pre-planning, large healthy meals can be made all at once, and then foods frozen and reheated(重新加热) when needed.