Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病） of sleepiness in the nation．“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr．David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark．” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr．David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5．5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8．5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”
【小题1】What is the main topic of the passage?

A young woman was driving through the lonely countryside. It was dark and raining. Suddenly she saw an old woman by the side of the road, holding her hand out as if she wanted a lift.  “I can't leave her out in this weather.” the woman said to herself, so she stopped the car and opened the door. “Do you want a lift?” she asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while, she said to the old woman, “Have you been waiting for a long time?” The old woman shook her head, “Strange.” thought the young woman.  She tried again, “Bad weather for the time of year,” she said. The old woman nodded. No matter what the young woman said, the hitchhiker(搭车者) gave no answer except for a nod of the head or a shrug.
Then the young woman noticed the hitchhiker's hands, which were large and hairy. Suddenly she realized that the hitchhiker was actually a man! She stopped the car. “I can't see out of the rear screen,” she said, “Would you mind clearing it for me?”
The hitchhiker nodded and opened the door. As soon as the hitchhiker was out of the car, the terrified young woman raced off.
When she got to the next village she pulled up. She noticed that the hitchhiker had left his handbag behind. She picked it up and opened it. She gave a gasp(喘息), inside the bag was a gun.
【小题1】What made the young woman feel strange about the old woman?

  It was dark and cold. They had to find a house ____ and some wood ____.

   A. to stay in…to make a fire with   B. to stay…to make a fire with

   C. to stay in…to make a fire       D. to stay…to make a fire

第二节：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请你修改短文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。修改在下方。总共有10处错误，从第11处起不给分。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
Ben and his wife were glad to receive an invitation. So after work they met and set off. And now they were on their way of the dinner party. It was dark, windy night and they did not know the road very well. They drove through Cookstone until they found that they thought was the road to Doffing, that their friends lived. But it soon became clearly that they were not on the road to Dorling at all. The road they were on was getting more narrower and narrower. There was no other cars on it, and the wind was blowing harder with every passing minute. They come to a small village at last and drove by two houses with no light on. There was no one about tell them where they were. They became very worrying. What could they do next?

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Feeling hopeless and sick at heart, Tom turned away. For a quick moment his eyes met the eyes of the cook, and he saw there a   36   of such hatred and fear that   37   words could describe.

The cook moved quietly   38   . He   39   to Tom in a rough voice, "Don't be too clever." And he went away.

Tom's views did not stay___40__ the cook and his words. His friend was in trouble. How could he__41____ him? He decided to slip away as soon as possible   42   of information that would clear Jay of all   43   and bring the true criminal(罪犯) to justice.

He had noticed a piece of old sailcloth   44   on the ship floor. With this and a length of string he __45__a package which looked very much like the one the police had seized. His plan was to   46  to the shore and hand it over   47    the cook had ordered Jay to,   48   in this way to learn the truth about the criminal's activities. Then he could   49    the police of his friend's innocence(无罪).

By now it was dark. Taking the blankets out of Jay's   50   bed, Tom piled them up in his own in the   51   of a sleeping figure. How real it looked! With the blanket pulled up high around the figure's head, he could almost believe he saw it breathing.    52   with this, Tom moved quietly to the door.

He was about to open it   53   he felt the handle turning the other way. Someone was outside and about to come in. Had his plan failed? Slipping quickly back behind the door as it opened, Tom   54     .

It was the cook who was leaning    55    now over the figure in the bed.  His arm swung up and a long knife plunged down.

1.A. fire          B. light                  C. lightning               D. flash

2.A. many                             B. several                                C. few             D. no

3.A. closely                           B. nearly                          C. closer                 D. near

4.A. whispered            B. ordered                 C. indicated        D. shouted

5.A. based on                       B. focused on                   C. carried on           D. kept on

6.A. encourage            B. support                 C. persuade        D. help

7.A. in time                           B. in need                        C. in search            D. in touch

8.A. truths                             B. doubts                         C. failures               D. faults

9.A. lying B. lay                                   C. laid                      D. lain

10.A. took                             B. bought                                C. made          D. sent

11.A. slip                              B. step                             C. pass                   D. march

12.A. as with              B. as though              C. such as           D. just as

13.A. expecting           B. imagining             C. hoping           D. wishing

14.A. persuade             B. require                                   C. suggest               D. encourage

15.A. neat                              B. empty                          C. dirty                  D. comfortable

16.A. shape                            B. sample                                C. shade          D. shadow

17.A. Excited                       B. Pleased                        C. Surprised           D. Frightened

18.A. though                        B. until                            C. while                 D. when

19.A. waited       B. rushed                     C. seized            D. shot

20.A. aside                            B. forward                       C. outward             D. against