C
What is it that makes people happy? Youth, health, a good job, good looks, a flash car? None of these things, Spanish experts say.
The concept（概念） of happiness is thought to be determined by genetics, while the rest depends on childhood environment and the process（过程） of growing up. Perhaps the most surprising thing about happiness is coming under increasingly close examination in Spain.
As the nation rises to the club of the world's wealthiest countries, people are discovering that material（物质的） things do not bring happiness.
"Most people use money as a measure of human value," says Jesus Ynfante, author of a book on Spain's 300 biggest fortunes.  "Expensive products are regarded as the best. The rich are admired simply for being rich," Ynfante said.
Yet psychologists（心理学家） warn that happiness as a moment of ecstatic pleasure(狂喜)--something that, by definition（定义） ,cannot last--while others speak of it as peace and acceptance of oneself. Polls(问卷调查) in different countries indicate that between 65 and 85 percent of the world's population regard themselves as reasonably happy.
Around 40 percent of a person's happiness is that it has little to do with age, health, wealth, or other values thought to be important in Western society. For most Spaniards, happiness is linked with feeling close to other people. Happy people accept their limitations and set themselves reachable goals, experts say.
There are life-style choices that favour happiness, such as exercise, eating carbohydrates and exposing oneself to sunlight. But the main secret of happiness is to take pleasure in small things.
“If you are given a choice between eternal（永久的)happiness and a cheese sandwich, take the sandwich,” advises musician Julian Hernandez.
58. Spain, as this passage tells us, __________.
A. has built more clubs than the other countries
B. has owned the largest group of experts
C. has become one of the richest countries in the world
D. has produced the most wealth in the world
59. It can be concluded that Jesus Ynfante is__________.
A. a famous expert            B. a famous psychologist
C. one of the richest Spaniards   D. familiar with the richest Spaniards
60. As psychologists warn in this passage, people can't feel happy even if they_________.
A. have too much money       B. only care about themselves
C. don't do any homework      D. have a few relations
61 Happy people, as we can find in this passage, __________.
A. are always full of feelings                  B. are always born in rich families
C. always enjoy every achievement they get       D. always look down upon themselves

Going home for Christmas is a tradition of the holiday season. No matter where you may be the rest of the years, being at “home” with your family and friends for Christmas is a “must”. The Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays are the busiest times of the year at airports, train stations and bus stations. It seems that all America is on the move and Americans are on their way to spend the holidays with their loved ones.
This means that the house will be full of cousins, aunts and uncles that might not see each other during the year. Everyone joins in to help in the preparation of the festival. Some family members get to choose a Christmas tree to buy and bring home. Others decorate the house or wrap presents. And of course, each household needs to make lots of food!
At Christmas Eve gatherings adults have eggnog, which is made of cream, milk, sugar, eggs and brandy. Plenty of  eggnog  or hot cocoa is on hand in colder climates for carolers, or people who go from house to house sing Christmas carols to their neighbors.
Long ago, each child hung a stocking, or sock, over the fireplace. Santa entered down the chimney and left candy and presents inside the socks for the children. Today the tradition is carried on, but the socks are now large red sock-shaped fabric bags still called stockings. Each child can’t wait to open his or her eyes to see what Santa has left in the stocking.
Giving gifts is a Christmas tradition. However, in recent years, more and more people have complained that Christmas is too commercialized(商业化) especially in large cities. Store owners begin advertising and decorating very early in hopes of selling more goods. Some people believe that the origin of Christmas has been lost.
46．It is a traditional custom for Americans ____________.
A．to buy Christmas trees and bring them to churches for Christmas
B．to drink beer on Christmas Eve
C．to go home for Christmas with their family and relatives
D．to hung stockings on the chimney
47．The underlined word “eggnog” in the third paragraph is a kind ____________.
A．drink                  B．food                   C．egg                     D．present
48．Each child hung a stocking over the fireplace in order to____________.
A．get some eggnog                                  B．have a look at Santa
C．get some candy and presents                 D．get some money from his/ her parents
49．The last paragraph wants to tell us that  ____________.
A．giving gifts is a Christmas tradition     B．giving gifts is getting more and more commercialized
C．store owners hope to get more presents  D．people think there will be no Christmas in the future

Most of us would say that the older we get, the less we look forward to celebrating another birthday. For children, though, a birthday is that one occasion each year when they are the center of attention all day long.
It’s not surprising, then, that children’s birthday parties have turned into big business in America. Kids—or more likely their parents—often try to outdo one another in putting on the most extravagant birthday party. In the past, you might have hired a man with a horse to come by and give everyone horse rides. Today, you can hire an entire petting zoo’s or a truck filled with animals from abroad.
Barb Hill, a mother of two girls, doesn’t hold extravagant (奢侈的) parties, but she says she does feel pressure to come up with new ideas each year. Her daughter Fiona celebrated her most recent birthday, her eighth, at a sporting-goods store. The kids enjoyed the climbing wall, as well as the pizza and cupcakes. “They always want to do something that nobody else has done yet,” Barb says. You also have to decide how many guests to invite, and if you’re celebrating at a place other than home, that means figuring out how to transport everyone.
William Doherty, a professor at the University of Minnesota, recently started a project called Birthdays without Pressure. Its website (www. birthdayswithoutpressure.org) gives parents the resources to make kids’ birthday parties less stressful and more fun for all. “Our goal was to start a local and national conversation about what’s happened to birthday parties,” Doherty told me. “We’ve succeeded beyond our expectations—tens of thousands of parents are viewing our website, contacting us and taking our online quizzes.”
In the end, most parents would agree that the best parties are usually the ones where the kids have time to hang out and play with each other. After all, isn’t what being a kid is all about?
1. The purpose of this passage is to tell us_________.
A.all the children look forward to celebrating their birthday
B.the children’s birthday parties have turned into big business in America
C.parents would like to make children’s birthday parties less stressful and more fun for all
D.parents don’t know how to hold children’s birthday parties
2. Which of the following sentences is TRUE ______.
A.The girl didn’t enjoy the party held by her mother.
B.The project called Birthdays without Pressure is popular with parents.
C.Children look forward to their birthday parties because they like extravagant parties.
D.Parents feel like hiring an entire petting zoo for their children.
3. The aim of the project called Birthdays without Pressure is to______.
A.attract parents to view the website
B.provide resources for making kids’ birthday parties
C.release parents’ stress of organizing children’s birthday parties
D.hold conversation about what’s happened to birthday parties
4. The best title for this passage may probably be ______.
A project called Birthdays without Pressure
B.Children enjoy their birthday parties
C.  How to hold children’s birthday parties
D.  How children feel about their birthday parties

D
One of the most popular new online games is Second Life．These games are also called MMOs for short．But unlike other MMOs, Second Life is not about winning or losing．Second Life is technically a computer game．But people involved in it do not consider it a game, because the players Create everything．Second Life is more for socializing and creating communities．
Users of Second Life are called residents．To take part, they must create an electronic image of themselves．Some look like humans, while others look like animals．Inside the Second Life world, residents build homes, run business, buy and sell things, work, play, and attend school．They even have relationships and get married．
Second Life was created in 2003 by Linden Lab in San Francisco, California．Linden Lab controls the website where the ever—changing world is being created．There are now about one million people around the world who are active in Second Life．The number has grown quickly since the beginning of the year when there were about one hundred thousand users．
The average age of people involved with Second Life is about thirty．However, Linden Lab recently created Teen Second Life for young users．Second Life has its own economy and its own money called Linden dollars．Millions of dollars are made and spent each month in Second Life．Users can enter Second Life for free．But they must pay for a membership if they want to own land or buy and sell goods and services．
Lately, several major companies have become involved with Second Life．They want to be part of the growing business world that exists within the made—up reality．The car maker Toyota, music producer Sony BMG, and even Reuters news agency are among businesses now existing within Second Life．
68．The best title for the passage may be    ．
A．Popular Computer Games                     B．Users of Second Life
C．Business within Second Life                 D．A Million People Get a Second Life
69．According to the passage, Second Life refers to a new online game    ．
A．about winning or losing
B．in which players can create everything
C．mostly for children
D．designed for only one player role
70．We can see from the passage that the users of the Second Life    ．
A．can’t create the electronic images
B．become humans and animals
C．don’t work or play
D．can even get married
71．It can be inferred from the passage that    ．
A．these major companies want to become the players inside the Second Life world
B．these major companies: want to make profits from Second Life
C．we can’t believe in the made—up reality inside the Second Life world
D．these major companies show no interest in Second Life

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.  
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
【小题1】John Sauven holds that________________.

A．

B．

C．

D．