题目列表(包括答案和解析)
这是句子改写的一种重要形式,它涉及面广,语言点多,方式灵活,是中考命题的热点。同义句的相互转换除了考查主动句与被动句,复合句与简单句之间的转换,直接引语变间接引语外,还有一些词或短语的替换,仅仅通过替换几个词或短语,而使句子意思不变,就能达到异曲同工之妙。常用方法有以下几种情况:
1.用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写,如:enjoy oneself = have a good time; over = more than
该类型的题目主要是考查学生对疑问句的结构,语序以及某些特定疑问句类型的掌握情况。解答这类题目,正确选择疑问词是关键:考生必须准确把握常见疑问词所提问题的侧重点。在中考中常见的提问句式有以下几种情况:
对主语或表语的人提问时用who... 语序分两种情况:(1)对主语提问时,语序为陈述语序。即:Who+谓语动词+...? (2)对表语提问时,语序为一般疑问句语序。即:
Who+系动词+主语+...?
For example:
Tim looks like _his father.
____ _____ Tim _____ like?
解析:在原句中look是系动词,his father 指人做look的表语,对其提问故用who。语序为一般疑问句语序。根据时态是现在时因此助动词用does,系动词looks变为原形look.正确答案为:Who; does ;look.
(2)对宾语人提问用whom,口语中可用who来代替。For example:
We should learn from Comrade Leifeng.
_____ _____ ____ Learn from?
思路解析:根据题意得知:划线部分做动词短语learn from的宾语,指人。故用特殊疑问词whom或who;在此注意的是第一人称的we变为第二人称的you.因此正确答案为:Whom/who ; should ;you.
2.对物主代词或名词所有格提问,用特殊疑问词whose. For example:
The teacher is my brother’s friend. _____ _____ is the teacher?
解析:在本题中名词friend前是一个名词所有格,对此提问应用whose. 句式结构为:Whose+名词+一般疑问句语序?故正确答案为:Whose; friend.
3.对地点提问用where. For example:
The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.(2005年济南考题)
_____ ______The little boys _______ football yesterday?
解析:划线部分的短语是表地点的。因此对此提问用where。句式结构为Where + 助动词+主语+谓语动词原形+...?根据时态得知助动词为did。其正确答案为:Where ;did ;play
4.对定语进行提用which。句型结构公式为:Which +名词+一般疑问句语序? For example:
The girl who is reading English under the tree is my sister.
_____ ______ is your sister?
解析:本题考查对定语的提问。故用特殊疑问词which+名词girl.正确答案为:Which; girl.
5.对时间提问when/what time. When是对不具体时间提问;what time是对具体时间(点钟)提问;有时对具体时间提问也可用when. For example:
(1) I arrived in Beijing last week.(对划线部分提问)
_____ _______You arrive in Beijing?
思路解析:划线部分last week是时间状语,对此提问用when,且为 一般过去时,故助动词为did.其正确答案为:When; did.
(2) We usually get up at half past five in the morning.(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ _____You usually get up in the morning?
解析:划线部分是具体时间早上的五点半。因此用特殊疑问词what time.且时态为一般现在时,故助动词为do.其正确答案为:What time ;do.
6.对星期名称提问用what day.句型结构为:What day +一般疑问句语序? For example:
It was Monday yesterday.(对划线部分提问)
_____ _____Was it yesterday?
答案解析:Monday是表示星期名称的词,对此提问用What day.故正确答案为:What day.
7.对颜色提问用特殊疑问词what color…(什么颜色)。结构公式为:what color +
一般疑问句语序? For example:
She likes red clothes.(对划线部分提问)
____ _____ _____She ____clothes?
答案解析:在本题中划线部分是表示颜色的单词,对此提问用what color.结构公式为:What color + be/助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形?其正确答案为:What , color, does, like.
8.对数量提问有两个特殊疑问词:how many/how much; how many是对可数名词前的数量进行提问;而how much是对不可数名词前的数量进行提问。除此之外how much还对价钱进行提问。
结构公式:
(1)How many +可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句语序?
(2)How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序?
(3)How much +一般疑问句语序?(对价钱提问)
For example:
1.There are forty workers in the factory.(对划线部分提问)
____ _____workers are there in the factory?
2. The computer is 4980 yuan.
. ____ _____ is the computer?
3.There is some water in the bottle.
______ ______ _______ Is there in the bottle?
答案解析:在(1)中workers是名词复数,对此提问用how many.在(2)中划线部分是价格,因此应用特殊疑问词:how much..。第(3)题是考查对不可数名词前的数量提问,故用How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序?因此正确答案为:How; much ; water.
9.对方式,程度,身体状况的词提问用特殊疑问词how 。 结构公式为:How + 助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形?
For example: They went to the Summer Palace by bus two days ago.
________ _______they ______ to the Summer Palace?
答案解析:本题对方式状语提问。对其提问用how。因原句中的时态为过去时,
助动词应用did .那么第三空填went动词原形go.故正确答案为:How; did; go.
10.对时间段提问用how long.(多久)如:for +时间段。since +句子。
For example:
I have taught in a Middle School since I came here.
______ ______ ______ I taught in a Middle School?
答案解析:根据划线部分的题意得知间接的表示的是时间段。因此应用how long.原句是时态为现在完成时,时态不变。正确答案为:How; long; have
11.对将来的时间提问用how soon(多久)如:in+时间段
We will finish work in four days.
______ _______will you finish work?
答案解析:本题是对将来的时间段提问,故用How soon..
12.对频率副词或短语及单位时间内的次数提问用how often (多久一次)
For example:
Henry went to visit his grandma every six days.
______ _______did Henry go to visit his grandma?
解析:该题考查“Henry 多久去看望grandma 一次?故用how often.正确答案:How often.
13.对重量,距离,长,宽等提问用how.句型为:How + 形容词(heavy/far/long/wide….)
For example: It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to school.
______ _______ is it from your home to school?
解析:本题考查对距离的提问(大约十分钟的路程),对此提问用how far.答案为:How far.
14.对because引导的原因状语从句提问用why(为什么)
For example:
Mrs. Read didn’t sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.
_______ ________ Mrs. Read _______ well last night?
解析:本题是对because引导的原因状语从句提问应用疑问词why.答案为:Why didn’t sleep.
2.在单数句子中,有表示性别的名词修饰名词时,变复数句子时两个名词同时变
复数,不是表示性别的名词修饰时只变后面的名词为复数形式。如:
There is a woman teacher in the office.
There are some ______ ______ in the office.
解析:根据句意得知woman在此修饰名词teacher,是表示性别的名词,因此两个名词同时变复数形式。故填:women; teacher.
1.单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数,相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。如:
This is an English book.(变复数句子)
___ ___ ___ English _____.
解析:主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。名词book由单数变为books复数形式。
6.直接引语是祈使句,改为间接引语时成为不定式短语,而且谓语动词通常用
ask/order等“祈求,命令”的动词。For example:
Her mother said to her,“Finish your homework before watching TV.”
Her mother asked her finish homework before watching TV.
答案解析:根据直接引语变间接引语的规则,前面的said变为asked,第一空填to;第二空要随宾语的变化而变化,故填her。
NOTE:
直接引语在下列三种情况时,即使主句是过去时,变间接引语时时态仍不变。
a. 表示客观真理的一般现在时.如:
The physics teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
The physics teacher said ____ light ___ much faster than sound.
解析:直接引语表示的是客观真理,变间接引语时时态不变,仍然用一般现在时,因此第二空填travels;第一空要用that来引导。故填:that.
b. 表示客观事实或经常发生的,习惯性的动作时时态不变。如:
Mike said,“My aunt is a worker.”
Mike said that ____ aunt ____ a worker.
解析:第一空根据语境,把my改为his;第二空填is不变。
c. 直接引语是过去完成时,过去进行时,变间接引语时时态不变。如:
She said,“I had finished working before supper.”
She said that she ____ ______working before supper.
解析:根据直接引语中的时态是过去完成时,变间接引语时不变,所以仍填had ;finished.
(三)单数句子变复数句子
5.直接引语变间接引语的引导词与由简单句变为宾语从句一样。有三种情况:that引导陈述句;一般疑问句或反意疑问句用if或whether;特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导。这三种句型的语序都是用陈述语序。
4.时间状语的变化
时间状语的变化如下表所示:
|
直 接 引 语 |
间 接 引 语 |
|
now
现在 |
then
那时 |
|
today
今天 |
that
day
那天 |
|
this
evening 今晚 |
that
evening 那天晚上 |
|
yesterday
昨天 |
the day
before 前一天 |
|
yesterday
morning
昨天上午 |
the morning
before
前一天上午 |
|
last
night
昨天晚上 |
the night
before
前一天晚上 |
|
two days
ago
两天前 |
two days
before
两天前 |
|
next
week
下周 |
the next
week/the following week 第二周 |
|
tomorrow 明天 |
the next
day/the following day
第二天 |
|
the day
before yesterday 前天 |
two days
before
两天前 |
|
the day
after tomorrow 后天 |
in two
days` time/two days after 两天后 |
For example:
Jane asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”(变间接引语)
Jane asked me ____ I ____ _____ anything on _____.
解析:根据直接引语是一般疑问句来判断连接词为if/whether.故第一空填if/whether;直接引语中的时态为现在完成时时变间接引语时应改为过去完成时,故第二,三空填had ,got;同时时间状语也要作相应的变化,this evening变为that evening. 第四,五空填:that, evening.
3.指示代词的变化。
直接引语中的this变为间接引语时应改为that,复数these改为those.
For example:
Tim said to me,“This is the School Computer Center..”
Tim said to me ____ ______ was the School Computer Center.
分析:句中出现了两个that.第一个that是连接词,第二个that是指示代词。由直接引语中的this而变的。故正确答案为:that; that.
2.注意时态的变化。一般规律是间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。
|
直 接 引 语 |
间
接
引
语 |
|
一般现在时 |
一般过去时 |
|
一般过去时 |
过去完成时 |
|
现在进行时 |
过去进行时 |
|
一般将来时 |
过去将来时 |
|
现在完成时 |
过去完成时 |
|
过去完成时 |
过去完成时 |
For example:
The teacher said angrily,“Where have you been all these days?”
The teacher asked me angrily where I ____ ______ all those days。
解析:根据直接引语改为间接引语要注意时态变化的原则,现在完成时应变为过去完成时,因此have been变为had been。故正确答案为:had ,been。
1.变化人称的一般规律:
(1)直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语时,其人称与主句的主语一致。
(2)直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语时,其人称与主句的宾语一致。
(3)直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时,其人称不变。
For example:
An English teacher asked his students,“Are you interested in my lessons?”
An English teacher asked his students if ____ were interested in _____ lessons。
解析:根据语境,直接引语的第二人称you变间接引语时,其人称与主句的宾语一致,即变为they;直接引语中的第一人称my变为间接引语时其人称与主句的主语一致,即改为his。故正确答案为:they;his。
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