题目列表(包括答案和解析)

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   这是句子改写的一种重要形式,它涉及面广,语言点多,方式灵活,是中考命题的热点。同义句的相互转换除了考查主动句与被动句,复合句与简单句之间的转换,直接引语变间接引语外,还有一些词或短语的替换,仅仅通过替换几个词或短语,而使句子意思不变,就能达到异曲同工之妙。常用方法有以下几种情况:

1.用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写,如:enjoy oneself = have a good time; over = more than

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   该类型的题目主要是考查学生对疑问句的结构,语序以及某些特定疑问句类型的掌握情况。解答这类题目,正确选择疑问词是关键:考生必须准确把握常见疑问词所提问题的侧重点。在中考中常见的提问句式有以下几种情况:

对主语或表语的人提问时用who...  语序分两种情况:(1)对主语提问时,语序为陈述语序。即:Who+谓语动词+...? (2)对表语提问时,语序为一般疑问句语序。即:

Who+系动词+主语+...?

For example:

Tim looks like _his father.            

____ _____ Tim _____ like?

解析:在原句中look是系动词,his father 指人做look的表语,对其提问故用who。语序为一般疑问句语序。根据时态是现在时因此助动词用does,系动词looks变为原形look.正确答案为:Who; does ;look.

(2)对宾语人提问用whom,口语中可用who来代替。For example:

We should learn from Comrade Leifeng.

 _____ _____ ____ Learn from?

思路解析:根据题意得知:划线部分做动词短语learn from的宾语,指人。故用特殊疑问词whom或who;在此注意的是第一人称的we变为第二人称的you.因此正确答案为:Whom/who ; should ;you.

2.对物主代词或名词所有格提问,用特殊疑问词whose.   For example:

The teacher is  my brother’s friend. _____ _____ is the teacher?

解析:在本题中名词friend前是一个名词所有格,对此提问应用whose. 句式结构为:Whose+名词+一般疑问句语序?故正确答案为:Whose; friend.

3.对地点提问用where. For example:

The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.(2005年济南考题)

_____ ______The little boys _______ football yesterday?

解析:划线部分的短语是表地点的。因此对此提问用where。句式结构为Where + 助动词+主语+谓语动词原形+...?根据时态得知助动词为did。其正确答案为:Where ;did ;play

4.对定语进行提用which。句型结构公式为:Which +名词+一般疑问句语序? For example:

The girl who is reading English under the tree is my sister.

 _____ ______ is your sister?

解析:本题考查对定语的提问。故用特殊疑问词which+名词girl.正确答案为:Which; girl.

5.对时间提问when/what time. When是对不具体时间提问;what time是对具体时间(点钟)提问;有时对具体时间提问也可用when.   For example:

(1) I arrived in Beijing last week.(对划线部分提问)

    _____ _______You arrive in Beijing?

思路解析:划线部分last week是时间状语,对此提问用when,且为 一般过去时,故助动词为did.其正确答案为:When; did.

(2) We usually get up at half past five in the morning.(对划线部分提问)

    ____ ____ _____You usually get up in the morning?

解析:划线部分是具体时间早上的五点半。因此用特殊疑问词what time.且时态为一般现在时,故助动词为do.其正确答案为:What time ;do.

6.对星期名称提问用what day.句型结构为:What day +一般疑问句语序?  For example:

  It was Monday yesterday.(对划线部分提问)

  _____ _____Was it yesterday?

答案解析:Monday是表示星期名称的词,对此提问用What day.故正确答案为:What day.

7.对颜色提问用特殊疑问词what color…(什么颜色)。结构公式为:what color +

一般疑问句语序?   For example:

She likes red clothes.(对划线部分提问)

 ____ _____ _____She ____clothes?

 答案解析:在本题中划线部分是表示颜色的单词,对此提问用what color.结构公式为:What color + be/助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形?其正确答案为:What , color, does, like.

8.对数量提问有两个特殊疑问词:how many/how much;  how many是对可数名词前的数量进行提问;而how much是对不可数名词前的数量进行提问。除此之外how much还对价钱进行提问。

结构公式:

(1)How many +可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句语序?

(2)How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序?

(3)How much +一般疑问句语序?(对价钱提问)

For example:

1.There are forty workers in the factory.(对划线部分提问)

    ____ _____workers are there in the factory?

2. The computer is 4980  yuan.

 .  ____ _____ is the computer?

3.There is some water in the bottle.

   ______ ______ _______ Is there in the bottle?

答案解析:在(1)中workers是名词复数,对此提问用how many.在(2)中划线部分是价格,因此应用特殊疑问词:how much..。第(3)题是考查对不可数名词前的数量提问,故用How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序?因此正确答案为:How; much ; water.

9.对方式,程度,身体状况的词提问用特殊疑问词how 。 结构公式为:How + 助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形?

For example:   They went to the Summer Palace by bus two days ago.

              ________ _______they ______ to the Summer Palace?

答案解析:本题对方式状语提问。对其提问用how。因原句中的时态为过去时,

助动词应用did .那么第三空填went动词原形go.故正确答案为:How; did; go.

10.对时间段提问用how long.(多久)如:for +时间段。since +句子。

For example:

I have taught in a Middle School since I came here.

______ ______ ______ I taught in a Middle School?

答案解析:根据划线部分的题意得知间接的表示的是时间段。因此应用how long.原句是时态为现在完成时,时态不变。正确答案为:How; long; have

11.对将来的时间提问用how soon(多久)如:in+时间段

  We will finish work in four days.  

  ______ _______will you finish work?

答案解析:本题是对将来的时间段提问,故用How soon..

12.对频率副词或短语及单位时间内的次数提问用how often (多久一次) 

For example:

  Henry went to visit his grandma every six days.

  ______ _______did Henry go to visit his grandma?

解析:该题考查“Henry 多久去看望grandma 一次?故用how often.正确答案:How often.

13.对重量,距离,长,宽等提问用how.句型为:How + 形容词(heavy/far/long/wide….)

  For example: It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to school.

            ______ _______ is it from your home to school?

解析:本题考查对距离的提问(大约十分钟的路程),对此提问用how far.答案为:How far.

14.对because引导的原因状语从句提问用why(为什么) 

For example:

  Mrs. Read didn’t sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.

  _______ ________ Mrs. Read _______ well last night?

解析:本题是对because引导的原因状语从句提问应用疑问词why.答案为:Why didn’t sleep.  

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2.在单数句子中,有表示性别的名词修饰名词时,变复数句子时两个名词同时变

复数,不是表示性别的名词修饰时只变后面的名词为复数形式。如:

There is a woman teacher in the office.

There are some ______  ______ in the office.

解析:根据句意得知woman在此修饰名词teacher,是表示性别的名词,因此两个名词同时变复数形式。故填:women; teacher.

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1.单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数,相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。如:

 This is an English book.(变复数句子)

  ___ ___ ___ English _____.

解析:主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。名词book由单数变为books复数形式。

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6.直接引语是祈使句,改为间接引语时成为不定式短语,而且谓语动词通常用

ask/order等“祈求,命令”的动词。For example:

  Her mother said to her,“Finish your homework before watching TV.”

  Her mother asked her     finish     homework before watching TV.

答案解析:根据直接引语变间接引语的规则,前面的said变为asked,第一空填to;第二空要随宾语的变化而变化,故填her。

NOTE:

直接引语在下列三种情况时,即使主句是过去时,变间接引语时时态仍不变。

a. 表示客观真理的一般现在时.如:

The physics teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”

The physics teacher said ____ light ___ much faster than sound.

解析:直接引语表示的是客观真理,变间接引语时时态不变,仍然用一般现在时,因此第二空填travels;第一空要用that来引导。故填:that.

b. 表示客观事实或经常发生的,习惯性的动作时时态不变。如:

Mike said,“My aunt is a worker.”

Mike said that ____ aunt ____ a worker.

解析:第一空根据语境,把my改为his;第二空填is不变。

c. 直接引语是过去完成时,过去进行时,变间接引语时时态不变。如:

She said,“I had finished working before supper.”

She said that she ____ ______working before supper.

解析:根据直接引语中的时态是过去完成时,变间接引语时不变,所以仍填had ;finished.

(三)单数句子变复数句子

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5.直接引语变间接引语的引导词与由简单句变为宾语从句一样。有三种情况:that引导陈述句;一般疑问句或反意疑问句用if或whether;特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导。这三种句型的语序都是用陈述语序。

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4.时间状语的变化

 时间状语的变化如下表所示:

直  接  引  语
间  接  引  语
now        现在
then        那时
today       今天
that day      那天
this evening     今晚
that evening    那天晚上
yesterday      昨天
the day before   前一天
yesterday morning    昨天上午
the morning before    前一天上午
last night        昨天晚上
the night before       前一天晚上
two days ago      两天前
two days before        两天前
next week       下周
the next week/the following week 第二周
tomorrow        明天
the next day/the following day   第二天
the day before yesterday 前天
two days before         两天前
the day after tomorrow  后天
in two days` time/two days after  两天后

For example:

Jane asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”(变间接引语)

Jane asked me ____ I ____ _____ anything on _____.

解析:根据直接引语是一般疑问句来判断连接词为if/whether.故第一空填if/whether;直接引语中的时态为现在完成时时变间接引语时应改为过去完成时,故第二,三空填had ,got;同时时间状语也要作相应的变化,this evening变为that evening. 第四,五空填:that, evening.

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3.指示代词的变化。

直接引语中的this变为间接引语时应改为that,复数these改为those. 

For example:

  Tim said to me,“This is the School Computer Center..”

  Tim said to me ____ ______ was the School Computer Center.

分析:句中出现了两个that.第一个that是连接词,第二个that是指示代词。由直接引语中的this而变的。故正确答案为:that; that.

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2.注意时态的变化。一般规律是间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。

     直  接  引  语
      间  接  引  语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时

For example:

The teacher said angrily,“Where have you been all these days?”

The teacher asked me angrily where I ____ ______ all those days。

解析:根据直接引语改为间接引语要注意时态变化的原则,现在完成时应变为过去完成时,因此have been变为had been。故正确答案为:had ,been。

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1.变化人称的一般规律:

(1)直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语时,其人称与主句的主语一致。

(2)直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语时,其人称与主句的宾语一致。

(3)直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时,其人称不变。

For example:

An English teacher asked his students,“Are you interested in my lessons?”

An English teacher asked his students if ____ were interested in _____ lessons。

解析:根据语境,直接引语的第二人称you变间接引语时,其人称与主句的宾语一致,即变为they;直接引语中的第一人称my变为间接引语时其人称与主句的主语一致,即改为his。故正确答案为:they;his。

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