3. 主语+wish(that)+主语+ would/could +动词原形 +其他　 表示将来不可能或未必可能实现的愿望。

　　I wish you would stay here longer. 我希望你在这儿多呆一会。

　　 She wishes you wouldn't go.　 她希望你不要走。

　　(be 用were的形式) 表示与目前的愿望相反。

　　She wishes she had more money.　 她真希望有更多的钱。

　　I wish I were five years younger than you．我多么希望比你年轻五岁啊。

2. 主语+wish(that)+主语+ had done +其他　 　表示与过去的愿望相反。

　　I wish I had written to her. 我要是给他写信就好了。

　　I wished I had won the match．我要是打赢这场比赛就好了。

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

假设我们有更有利的条件，我们还会做得更好。

But for his help，I should not have succeeded. 要是没有他的帮助，我就不会取得成功。

Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.

要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能及时地完成工作。

But for his good education he would not have got the job.

要不是他受过良好的教育，他就不会得到这份工作。

With your aid I would have succeeded in performing my task.

当初若有你的帮助，我就会完成任务的。

He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。

I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.

我本来早就该写好这篇论文，但我一直在生病。

I would be most glad to help you, but I’m busy now.

　例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.

　A. was knocking

　B. am knocking

　C. knocking

　D. have been knocking

(答案：D)(1998年49题)

第二节　　　 被动语态

?考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。 　一、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。 　1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. 　A. came 　B. come 　C. to come 　D. have come 　(答案为C)(2000年58题) 　2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。 　二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。 　1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。 　2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。 　三、情态动词的被动语态 　构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。 　1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。 　2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。 　四、用主动表示被动的含义 　常用：need/require +doing sth(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物) 　例：My room is a mess. It needs _____. 　A to be tidying up 　B. tidying up 　C. to tidy up 　D. tidied up 　(答案为B)(2000年47题) 第三节 情态动词

?考试重点：情态动词+完成时 　情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。 　一、must +现在完成时 　表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。 　1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. 　A. must have received 　B. must have failed to receive 　C. must receive 　D. must fail to receive 　(答案：B)(1998年44题) 　2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. 　A. would have had 　B. could have had 　C. should have had 　D. must have had 　(答案为D)(2001年58题) 　二、should (ought to )+完成时 　表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、 　批评。 　1、They have done things they ought _____. 　A. not to do 　B. not to be done 　C. not to have done 　D. not having done 　(答案为C)(1999年59题) 　2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier. 　A. had a telephone 　B. have phoned 　C. should have phoned 　D. should be phoned 　(答案为C)(2000年26题) 　三、could +完成时 　表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。 　1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time. 　他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。 　2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough. 　我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。 第四节 虚拟语气

如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。 　考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句；It is time (that)…句型中。 　一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法： 　虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. 　A. had known 　B. have known 　C. knew 　D. know 　(答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时)(1995年38题) 　2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language? 　A. spoke 　B. speak 　C. had spoken 　D. will speak 　(答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。) 　3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time. 　A. would come 　B. would have come 　C. had come 　D. came 　(答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)(1995年59题)

2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.

　A. shall finish

　B. must have finished

　C. have finished

　D. shall have finished

　(答案：D) (2000年24题)

1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.

　A. will have

　B. leaves

　C. will have left

　D. is leaving

　(答案：C)(1995年25题)

4、过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。

　(1)No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.

　A. than

　B. when

　C. as

　D. while

　(答案为A)(1997年50题)

　(2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.

　他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。

??

3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。

　例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。

2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

　例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.

　A. had been on

　B. was on

　C. has been on

　D. would be on

　(答案：A)(1995年24题)

1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

　例：About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.

　A. invented

　B. had invented

　C. have invented

　D. had been invented

　(答案：B)(1997年35题)