A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be ________ everyone is in a hurry ---- often under pressure.

   a. what                         b. that            c. which              d. one in which

Attitude is an internal(内在的) state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(个人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas-all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(获得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single events, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正) of attitudes.

1.According to the passage, attitudes         .

A. come from different situations in one’s life

B. are largely affected by one’s behavior

C. remain unchanged in one’s daily life

D. could be chosen according to one’s will

2.The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show         .

A. people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

B. people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

C. particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

D. an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

3.Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

A. Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

B. Attitudes learned in danger will last no more.

C. Copying others’ behavior is not a good idea.

D. Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Differences of Attitudes.                  B. Nature(本质) of Attitude.

C. Choices of Attitudes.                      D. Changes of Attitude.

第二节短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断∶
　如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误), 则按下列情况改正∶该行多一个词∶ 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。
　　该行缺一个词∶ 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
　　该行错一个词∶ 在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意∶ 原行没有错的不要改。
Dear Carmen,                                   
It is early afternoon and I am sitting in the small restaurant  76.____________
closed to my work . It is a terrible day in New Orleans. It is         77.____________
raining and I am feeling homesick . I am thinking you         78.____________
and my other friends in Mexico. Outside, the sidewalks         79.____________
is crowded with people. All of them are wearing coats          80.____________
and carry umbrellas. Everyone is in a hurry to get a dry place.   81.____________
Bus and cars are moving up and down the streets. Inside,           82.____________
it is warm and pleasant. I attend classes in every morning. I              83.____________
don’t have many free time. But I like my life here. I hope           84.____________
that you are good and happy. Please write soon. I enjoy your     85.____________
letters with news from home.                  

Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.
The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas—all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.
Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.
【小题1】 According to the passage, attitudes _________.

     A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be ________ everyone is in a hurry ---- often under pressure.

   a. what                         b. that            c. which              d. one in which