Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same chances as men in education, jobs and training. But it’s still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs.
Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She used to be a secretary. Barty Philips, a journalist with “The Observer”, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars.
“My first reason was independence(独立),” she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars, too.”
Nikki didn’t find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centre—a special sort of college where people can learn a new job for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men, and some of them were rude to me. It was also very tiring—from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon, with only 30 minutes for lunch.”
Now Nikki works free-lance, that is, she’s self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company.
Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial town in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didn’t enjoy it at all.” she said. “I wanted to do more practical work, and I wanted to be self-employed.”
Rose joined a women’s building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of the women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs.
“People often say, ‘Oh, women aren’t strong enough,’ but I don’t think strength is important.” said Rose, “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work.”
Rose would like more women to come into the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of man’s world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns.”
【小题1】There are laws in Britain to help women _____.

A．get higher pay than men

B．enjoy more freedom than men

C．do whatever they like to do

D．have equal chances with men in education and work

【小题2】The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _____.

A．make cars	B．sell cars
C．repair cars	D．keep cars for others

【小题3】According to Rose, a woman wishing to be a general builder _____.

A．must be specially trained

B．should be strong enough

C．can learn her job either from others or by experience

D．must get used to doing a different sort of work

【小题4】The best title for this passage might be _____.

A．Nikki Henriques, a car maintenance engineer

B．Rose, a General Builder in Shefield

C．Women at Work

D．British Women

根据中文意思填完下面的句子，一词一空。（每题2分，共10分）(请写在答题卷上面)

1. 因“荒漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数似乎明显增加了。

     Sandstorms in China appear                         in recent years as a result of “               ”.

2.他花费最后几年用于准备他的一本书，名叫《孟子》的学术理论。

    He     his      years      a book of his teachings       The Book of Mencius.

3.这是因为在一个外国家庭里住一两个星期意味着你必须讲他们的语言，结果你的外语水平就很快提高了。

This is because            with a foreign family for one or two weeks      

          that you have to           their language, and you         fast.

4.现在法律禁止人们燃烧太多的煤。

There are laws       do not        people       burn too         coal.

5. 孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。

Mencius was a                  teachings were very                   those of Confucius.

 

 

Living in a modern society with more and more out-of-date but still useful computers, many people have to face such a troubling problem: How to deal with those old computers? Some old ones are put away in homes. Many more are just thrown out with the rubbish.

Don’t worry! Some companies are coming up with new ways to cut the number of old computers. Sony, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now agree to take back some old computers.

In some countries, there are laws about what to do with old computers. By law, computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade（升级）.

While many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations（组织）are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers before sending them to schools, charities（慈善团体）and people who need them. In this way, we can turn one person's rubbish into someone else's useful things-and cut down on waste.

1.What do many people do with old computers?

A．They sell them to others.

B．They try to repair them.

C．They give them to others.

D．They stop using them

2.According to laws in some countries mentioned in the passage, computer companies must_____.

A．recycle most of their products

B．make their computers cheaper

C．repair and upgrade old computers

D．collect all their used products

3.The last paragraph mainly tells us that hundreds of organizations are working to _________.

A．help the computer companies to collect old ones

B．repair old ones and send them to whoever needs them.

C．advise people not to throw away good computers.

D．encourage people to turn rubbish into useful things.

4.What is the main idea of this passage?

A．How to repair old computers.

B．Avoid producing too many computers.

C．Encourage to recycle old computers.

D．How to turn rubbish into useful things

 

Lawmakers in the United States have expanded an investigation into the use of location-tracking systems on mobile devices. The action follows recent reports about the storing of information on the Apple iPhone. Some people consider location tracking to be a threat to personal privacy and security.
Allan Friedman, the research director, says, “All wireless companies do some location tracking as part of their networks. This information is usually stored by the companies, not the devices, and there are laws to protect it. Law enforcement(执法) agencies, for example, have to have a fairly high standard before it can access that data. And the phone company is also prohibited from selling that information.
Now, two researchers report that location tracking information is being stored directly on Apple devices. They said Apple’s newest operating systems gather global positioning system and timestamp information. The information is stored on the device in a file that is also uploaded (上传) to any computer that the device is connected to. The researchers say the information is available to anyone who has access to the device or computer.
Allan Friedman says, “This raises additional concerns. There’s the idea that because it’s on my phone and on my computer, rogue applications(恶意程序) that I pay for or that I’m tricked into downloading may be able to access this data and somehow misuse it.”
Apple says it is “not tracking the location of your iPhone”. It is simply keeping a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone towers near the user’s location. This information is meant to help the iPhone quickly find its location when needed.
Letters have been sent to some of the leading mobile device developers, including Apple and Google. The letters asked for more information about their location tracking systems. Allan Friedman calls this an important start to strengthening privacy laws. He says, “There aren’t strong controls over things like location information, what they are doing with it, how long they are keeping it. And perhaps the most important question is, is my location data with other facts about me?”
【小题1】Why did American lawmakers investigate the use of location-tracking systems on cell-phones?

A．Because the systems can store users’ information

B．Because many users have suffered loss after using them.

C．Because it is thought to threaten users’ privacy.

D．Because many reporters have shown the problem of the systems.

【小题2】Allan Friedman believes that ________.

A．wireless companies focus on personal privacy.

B．people are forbidden to get access to private data at will

C．phone companies may sell private information secretly

D．customers may ask wireless companies to locate their tracking

【小题3】What do we know from Paragraph 3?

A．Location tracking information is stored online.

B．Apple’s newest operating systems collect all kinds of information.

C．Location tracking information may be uploaded to any iPhone.

D．Apple’s newest operating systems may reveal the private information of users.

【小题4】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Apple denies that it tracks the location of users.

B．The researchers may misunderstand the Apple’s systems.

C．The global positioning system is to blame for rogue applications.

D．The iPhone can quickly find its location by using its user’s information.

Paparazzi, or "paps", are photographers who take pictures of famous people when they are not at the center of public attention. Paps are different from professional photographers or journalists because they never take ordinary photos.

The goal for paparazzi is to get pictures that no one else will get and then sell the pictures to the buyer who offers the most money —normally a small newspaper, magazine or website.

There is no law against paparazzi taking pictures in public places. However, there are laws that protect certain individuals. For example, child protection laws stop improper (不合适的) pictures of anyone under 16 from being published.

There is also no law that stops paparazzi from following celebrities (名人) and taking their pictures either. However, if paps are secretly following them and taking pictures of their faces, they could get into trouble.

Most paparazzi hang out on streets and hot spots for celebrities, waiting for the opportunity to take a picture of a star. Many stay on the streets until the early hours of the morning when celebrities are leaving nightclubs and looking a little worse for wear. However, some have other ways to make sure they get pictures. Many paps are in contact with "informers" who know the locations of celebrities at any given time. They then pass the information on to paparazzi. An informer could be anyone —from a restaurant waiter to a salesman.

Most of the time, paparazzi get a bad reputation for following celebrities. But sometimes stars or their managers will contact paps themselves and tell them exactly where and when they will go.

What a love-hate relationship between paparazzi and celebrities!

1.Which of the following things paparazzi might do would be against the law?

A．Taking pictures of famous people in public places.

B．Getting unsuitable pictures of a 10-year-old actress published.

C．Following a famous woman singer secretly and taking her pictures.

D．Hanging out at the places where celebrities often appear.

2.In order to earn big money a pap has to ________.

A．get the only first-hand pictures

B．sell the pictures to a big newspaper

C．make friends with famous people

D．know the locations of celebrities

3.The fifth paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A．how paparazzi get the pictures

B．how dangerous paparazzi’s job is

C．how much paparazzi pay for the pictures

D．how paparazzi contact informers

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A．Paparazzi always take pictures when famous people are tired.

B．Stars hate paparazzi and don’t want to be followed.

C．Paparazzi and famous people rely on each other sometimes.

D．Informers might get paparazzi into trouble.