The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before : changes for the better , changes for the worse ; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings , changes that put man in danger . Many things caused the changes , but , in my opinion , the most important was the progress in science .

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views . It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe ; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development . Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life .

The continuation of such activitites in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings : in pure science―a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning ; in applied science―a more reasonable sharing of material benefits , and better protection of the environment .

Sadly , however , there is another side to the picture . The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind . The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet . We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons . Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War , the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used , the result could have been the ruin of the human race , as well as of many kinds of animals .

William Shakespeare said , “ The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together .” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said . But does it have to be so ? Must the ill always go together with the good ? Are we biologically programmed for war ?

1. Which of the following best shows the stucture of the passage ?

（①=Paragraph1 , ②= Paragraph 2，③= Paragraph 3，④= Paragraph 4，⑤= Paragraph 5）

2. From the fourth paragraph , we can infer that __________.

A. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war

B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war

C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons

D. the author is anxious about the huge number of unclear weapons on the earth

3. The underlined word “ mingled ” in the last paragraph most probably means__________.

A. simple         B. mixed           C. sad             D. happy

4. What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write ?

A. Further application of science to war .

B. More reading of William Shakespeare .

C. Proper use of science in the new century .

D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill .

Romanian-born German writer Herta Mueller won the 2009 Nobel Prize in literature yesterday, honored for work that "with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, describes the landscape of the dispossessed(被流放者)," the Swedish Academy said.
The 56-year-old author, who immigrated to Germany from Romania in 1987, first gained public attention in 1982 with a collection of short stories titled Niederungen, or Lowlands in English, which was promptly censored(审查通过) by her government.
In 1984 an uncensored version was smuggled to Germany where it was published and her work describing life in a small, German-speaking village in Romania was popular with the readers there. That work was followed by Oppressive Tango in Romania.
"The Romanian national press was very critical of these works while, outside of Romania, the German press received them very positively," the Academy said. "Because Mueller had publicly criticized the dictatorship(独裁) in Romania, she was prohibited from publishing in her own country.” In 1987 she immigrated to Germany with her husband two years before dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was toppled from power.
Mueller's parents were members of the German-speaking minority in Romania and father served in the Waffen SS during World War II. After the war ended, many German Romanians were deported(放逐) to the Soviet Union in 1945, including her mother, who spent five years in a work camp in what is now Ukraine.
Most of her works are in German, but some works have been translated into English, French and Spanish, including The Passport, The Land of Green Plums, Traveling on One Leg and The Appointment.
Mueller has given guest lectures at universities, colleges and other venues in Paderborn, Warwick, Hamburg, Swansea, Gainsville (Florida), Kassel, Gottingen, Tubingen and Zurich among other places. She lives in Berlin. Since 1995 she has served as a member of Deutsche Akademie fur Sprache und Dichtung, in Darmstadt."
Mueller is the 12th woman to win the literature prize. Recent female winners include Austria's Elfriede Jelinek in 2004 and British writer Doris Lessing in 2007.
The award includes a $1.4 million prize and will be handed out on December 10
51．Herta Mueller was awarded Nobel Prize in literature because of____________.
A．her public criticism upon the dictatorship in Romania
B．her works with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose
C．her works describing the life of the dispossessed in Germany 
D．the popularity of her works with the readers in the German-speaking village
52．Which of the following statements is mentioned by the author?
A．German Romanians were treated unfairly in Germany in the 1940s.
B．Her parents were dispossessed to Ukraine after the World War II.
C．Her first work was published in Germany in the early 1980s.
D．Her works were all translated into versions in different languages.
53．It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _____.
A．people then in Romania had the right to say whatever was true.
B．Herta Mueller left her home country after the dictatorship was ended.
C．Herta Mueller immigrated to Germany together with her parents.
D．Romanian citizens lived a hard life without democracy in the 1980s.
54．According to the passage, which of the following works has an English version? 
A．Lowlands in English                  B．Oppressive Tango in Romania.  
C．Traveling on One Leg                 D．The Land of Green Plums
55．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Mueller made great contribution to literature through hard work
B．Mueller won the Nobel Prize for her great literature works.
C．Mueller gained great popularity by describing dictatorship.
D．Mueller was treated badly in Romania and immigrated to Germany.

Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand and remember．Churchill warned the British to expect “blood, toil, tears and sweat”; Roosevelt told the Americans that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”; Lenin promised the war-weary Russians peace, land and bread．Straightforward but effective messages．
We have an image of what a leader ought to be．We even recognize the physical signs; leaders may not necessarily be tall, but they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features －- Lyndon Baines Johnson’s nose and ear lobes, Ike’s broad grin．A trade-mark also comes in handy; Lincoln’s stovepipe hat, Kennedy’s rocking chair．We expect our leaders to stand out a little, not to be like an ordinary man．Half of President Ford’s trouble lay on the fact that, if you closed your eyes for a moment, you couldn’t remember his face, figure of clothes．A leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in people’s minds．
It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us can’t: FDR overcame polio; Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. We don’t want our leaders to be "just like us." We want them to be like us but better, special more so. Yet if they are too different, we reject them.
A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great deal of wisdom to this. A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident. His walks should be firm and purposeful. He should be able, like Lincoln, Roosevelt, Truman, Lke and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagan’s training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability, he managed to convey the impression that in fact he was the president and Carter the challenger.
The every simple truth about leadership is that people can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and Roosevelt did. The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right.
A leader rides the waves, moves with the tides, understands the deepest yearning of his people. He cannot make a nation that wants peace at any price go to war, or stop a nation determined to fight from doing so. His purpose must match the national mood.
1．The underlined word “yearning” in the last paragraph probably means_________.
A．love  B．trouble     C．desire       D．feeling
2．From the fourth paragraph we can learn that_________.
A．leaders usually look special or different
B．leaders don’t have to be tall
C．most leaders look ordinary
D．leaders should always have trademarks
3．According to the article, a leader_________.
A．usually tries to simplify our messages
B．tell us what we want to hear
C．encourages us to think about things in a new way
D．is usually confident and handsome
4．From the passage we can infer that          .
A．it helps for a leader to be able to dance or act well
B．great leaders are usually totally different from us
C．Carter was humorous and made good speeches
D．it is the people rather than the president that makes what a nation is
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Want to be a leader?
B．What makes a leader?
C．What does a leader look like?
D．What must a leader do?

After blogging regularly for two months, people felt they had better social support and friendship networks than those who didn’t blog. Blogging can help you feel less isolated, more connected to a community and more satisfied with your friendships. Both online and face-to-face, a new Australian research has found

Researchers James Baker and Professor Susan Moore from Swinburne have written two papers investigating the psychological benefits of blogging-regularly updating personal web pages with information that invites others to comment.

The first, published in the latest issue of the journal CyberPsychology and Behaviour.  compares the mental health of people intending to blog with that of people not planning to blog. Moore says the researchers messaged 600 MySpace users personally and directed them to an online survey. A total of 134 completed the questionnaire. 84 intended to blog and 50 didn’t.

“We found potential bloggers were less satisfied with their friendships and they felt less socially integrated; they didn’t feet as much part of a community as the people who weren’t interested in blogging …”Moore says. “It was as if they were saying ‘I’m going to do this blogging and it’s going to help me’.”

And it seemed to do the trick, as the researchers’ second study shows. This study which is yet to be published, was conducted two months later. The researchers sent out questionnaires(调查问卷)to the same group of MySpace users, this time 59 responded Bloggers reported a greater sense of belonging to a group of like-minded people and feeling more confident because they could rely on others for help. All respondents, whether or not they blogged, reported feeling less anxious, depressed and stressed after two months of online social networking.

“So going onto MySpace had lifted the mood of all participants in some way,” Moore says. “Maybe they’d just made more social connections.”

Moore acknowledges this is early research and hopes to follow a larger group of people for a longer period time to test some of the research findings.

66. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The mental health of bloggers.

B. Blogging improves one’s social life.

C. What kind of people are likely to blog.

D. Blogging has become more and more popular.

67. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _________.

A. those who were not interested in blogging didn’t have good mental health

B. people were likely to become bloggers if they felt socially isolated

C. potential bloggers were those who had mental health problems

D. potential bloggers usually held a wrong view about blogging

68.The purpose of the second study is to find out _________.

A. what people do on MySpace

B. how many people became bloggers

C. how people felt after blogging for two months

D. how many people kept blogging after two months

69. The second study shows that________.

A. online social networking can do people good

B. only bloggers benefit from online social networking

C. not many potential bloggers became real bloggers

D. not all bloggers found the help they needed

70. The main purpose of people going onto MySpace is probably to _______.

A. exchange goods                  B. entertain themselves

C. seek help                           D. exchange views

Disposing（处理）of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．As more and more people choose to live close together in cities,the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult．

    During the eighteenth century,it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site．Residents or trash haulers（垃圾拖运者）would transport household rubbish,rotted wood,and old possessions to the site．Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried．The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by．

    Factories,mills,and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of．Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem．

    Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．The first problem is space Dumps,which are now called landfills,are most needed in heavily populated areas．Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose．Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods．Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere,cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent．

    Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal．Pollution of rivers,ground water,land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste．The amount of waste,however,continues to grow．

    Recycling efforts have become commonplace,and many towns require their people to take part．Even the most efficient recycling programs,however,can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste．

1.The most suitable title for this passage would be ______．

    A．Places for Disposing Waste       B．Waste Pollution Dangers

    C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste     D．Waste Disposal Problem

2.During the 18th century,people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for ______．

    A．burying it                       B．recycling it                

    C．burning it                       D．throwing it into rivers

3.What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

    A．Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society．

    B．There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society．

    C．It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society．

    D．Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same．

4.The main purpose of writing this article is to ______．

    A．draw people’s attention to waste management

    B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing

    C．call on people to take part in recycling programs

    D．tell people a better way to get rid of the waste