第二节 简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）

Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.

From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, they will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.

All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.

A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.

An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.

65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )

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66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )

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67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )

______________________________________________________________________________

 

In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. Suddenly, he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the rapid response that there was an earthquake! He shouted quickly, "Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet!" Nicole heard the shouting, took the first-aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was shaking even more dramatically (剧烈地).

Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen knife and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. However, there was a dark suddenly with an explosion. The house crashed down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in ruins. She felt it very difficult to breathe and tried to stand up, but impossible.

    A few minutes later, the land was silent. Nicole heard the sound of short breath and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but ___________! He probably fainted. Nicole kept calling his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and calmed each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape.

    Slim found that they were close and were separated by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt pain in his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicole's one hand, then dug the surrounding stones of her body. Finally, Nicole was able to move slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together.

1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words)       

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did Nicole feel it very difficult to breathe? (Please answer within 7 words)

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3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (Please answer within 4 words)

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4.List three main things the couple did after the house crashed down. (Within 15 words) .

①                               ②                            

③                            

5.What’s the most important three reasons do you think for their survival? (Please answer within 10 words)___________________________________________________ ______________

 

The year is 2094．It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth．Most of it will miss our planet , but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth．

On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion．About half of the piece is destroyed , but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound．The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed．Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole．The wall of water , a kilometer high , rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour．Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people re drowned．

Before the waves reach South America , the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina．Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains．The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean．The cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes．Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long．Because of the explosions , the sun is hidden by clouds of dust , temperatures around the world fall to almost zero．Crops are ruined．The sun won’t be seen again for many years．Wars break out as countries fight for food．A year later , no more than 10 million people remain alive．

Could it really happen ? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth．The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years．Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared．Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space．The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out．Will we meet the same and ?

72．What is mainly described in the passage ?

         A．A historic discovery．        B．An event of imagination

         C．A research on space．      D．A scientific adventure．

73．When the first piece hits the South Atlantic , it causes          ．

         A．an earthquake                             B．damages to cities

         C．an Earth explosion   D．huge waves

74．Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long ?

         A．Because the land is covered with water

         B．Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth．

         C．Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero．

         D．Because wars break out among countries．

75．By giving the example of dinosaurs , the author tries to prove        ．

         A．animals could not live in the cold climate

         B．what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story

         C．the human beings will die out in 2094

         D．the Earth could be hit by other objects in space

 

An earthquake happens when two plates rub (碰撞) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other,  pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earth-quakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many in-juries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
Actually, there are several million small earth-quakes every year.  Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, cause millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earth-quakes around the world — including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation that continues for years after the first tremor (小震). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it.
The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
【小题1】Which of the following is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth.

B．The earth has great energy in storage.

C．How the earth plates move.

D．How an earthquake happens.

【小题2】How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

【小题3】Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?

A．The 1964 Alaskan quake.

B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.

C．The 1972 Managua earthquake.

D．The 1906 earthquake.

【小题4】The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means ______.

A．causing too much heat and great damage

B．causing many injuries and much destruction

C．happening as a result of another event

D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly

【小题5】By giving the example in Paragraph 4, the author wants to show that ______.

A．an earthquake doesn’t last long

B．the damage can last long

C．people in Managua suffered too much

D．Nicaragua is still a poor country

单词拼写（每小题0.5分，满分5分）

1. I think sports clothes are not a_____________(合适的,恰当的) for a wedding ceremony.

2. The accident resulting in the death of 6 passengers was d________ to the driver’s carelessness.

3. you should be a______________ of yourself for cheating in the exam.

4.Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we could have m___________ it without you.

5. The articles in this magazine c____________ a wide range of topics in the fashion field.

6. The mother felt ________（绝望的）when she heard the news that her son died in the car accident.

7. Have you ever had a case where someone a_______ your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?

8.It is acknowledged that a knowledge of first aid can make a real d______________.

9. My ____________(动力) of study is increased as I think of the wonderful life in college.

10. He is one of the s_____________ (倡议者) who calls on donating for Ya’an earthquake.