No one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科医生） and part of it taken out． Today， however， we needn't worry about feeling pain during the operation． The sick person falls into a kind of sleep，and when he awakes，the operation is finished. But these happy conditions are fairly new．It is not many years since a man who had to have operation felt all its pain．

   Long ago， operation had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everything． The sick man had to be held down(压制，控制) on a table by force while the doctors did their best for him． He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off， and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched．

   Soon after 1770, Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “laughing gas”．Laughing gas became known in America．Young men and women went to parties to try it．Most of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using this gas．He decided to make an experiment on himself．He asked a friend to help him．

   Wells took some of the gas，and his friend pulled out one of Well’s teeth．Wells felt no pain at all．

   As he didn't know enough about laughing gas，he gave a man less gas than he should have. The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out．

   Wells tried again，but this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man died．Wells never forgot this terrible event．

It is ＿＿＿＿ since a man being operated felt all the pain．

   A. a few more years   B. not long    C. few years     D. two thousand years

Long ago，when the sick man was operated on, he ＿＿＿＿．

   A. could feel nothing           B. could not want anything

   C. could feel all the pain        D. could do anything

Using the laughing gas，the people did not seem to ＿＿＿＿．

   A. be afraid of anything    B. feel pain   C. want to go to the parties    D. be ill

If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on，he ＿．

   A．felt nothing  B. felt very comfortable  C．still felt pain      D．would die

One who took too much of the laughing gas ＿＿＿．

   A.would laugh all the time       B.would die 

C.would never feel pain         D.would be very calm

Scientists made a great break through this year in England when the first "test tube" baby was born．The birth was the result of many years of research by doctors．The doctors did the research in groups to help the women who cannot conceive a baby in the normal way．
What happened when the baby was born "from a test tube"? Well, the baby did not literally grow in a test tube．The first stage of the process was that the egg from the woman and the sperm from the man were put together in the test tube．After all, the embryo was put into the womb of a woman．This process was difficult．But it was successful, so the baby was eventually born, like any other, from a woman, only the woman wasn't the baby's real mother, but a sort of "carrier" of a baby produced by another couple．
Obviously, this method is to help to couples who can't have children because of physical problems in the woman．But very difficult moral problems arise in the kind of situation．Take it for instance, a case that happened this year．A couple who wanted a baby advertised for a woman to have a child by the father of the couple．They offered the woman a lot of money．The woman was made pregnant by artificial insemination; in this case, the woman "employed" to bear the child was its real mother．When the baby was born, the woman refused to give it back to the couple．But, in the eyes of the law, the woman had a right to keep the children because she was its biological mother．
You could argue that we should change the law to deal with this kind of situation．In earlier times, there were always healthy babies needing adoption, because family planning methods were not so effective as they are now．These days, however, most of the children who can be adopted are over six years old, often handicapped in some way．So a couple who want a young healthy baby cannot always adopt one, this is why the "test tube" baby is in demand．But is it normally right to use this method? Should we temper with nature in this way? Even if we change the law, would this be the right step to take ?
【小题1】The birth of the first "test-tube" baby is a great advance _____．

A．The couple who want a baby．

B．The biological mother of the child．

C．The person who pays the money to the real mother．

D．The father who advertises for a biological mother．

Eleven-year-old Angela was attacked by a rare   21  affecting her nerve system. She was unable to walk and her movement was    22  in other ways as well. The doctors did not hold much    23   of her ever recovering from this illness. They    24  she'd spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.They said that few, if any, were able to come back to    25 after suffering from this disease .The little girl was   26 . There, lying in her hospital bed, she would swear that she was   27  going to be walking again one day.

She was moved to a specialized    28 hospital in the San Francisco Bay area. All   29  that could be applied to her case were used. The doctors were moved by her undefeatable spirit. They taught her about imaging about seeing herself walking. If it would do   30 else, it would at least give her hope and something   31 to do in the long waking hours in her bed. Angela would work as hard as possible in physical treatments, and in exercise sessions. But she worked just as hard lying there faithfully doing her   32  , visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!

One day,   33 she was attempting, with all her might, to imagine her legs moving again, it seemed as though something  34  happened: the bed moved! It began to move around the room! She    35 out, "Look what I'm doing! Look! Look! I can do it”. I moved! I moved!"

Of course, at this very moment everyone else in the hospital was screaming, too, and running to a   36 place. People were screaming, equipment was  37 and glass was breaking. You see, it was the terrible San Francisco earthquake.  38 don't tell that to Angela. She    39  that she did it.

And now only a few years later, she's back in school, on her own   40  . No crutches, no wheelchair. You see, anyone who can shake the earth between San Francisco and Oakland can defeat a little disease, can't they?

1.                A．problem        B．disease         C．accident  D．error

2.                A．spread         B．avoided         C．limited   D．forced

3.                A．thought        B．idea           C．opinion   D．hope

4.                A．predicted       B．prepared       C．admitted  D．decided

5.                A．active          B．normal         C．alive D．simple

6.                A．fearless        B．peaceful        C．patient   D．stainless

7.                A．probably        B．approximately    C．sincerely  D．certainly

8.                A．recovery       B．experiment      C．practice  D．exercise

9.                A．schedules       B．instructions      C．supports  D．treatments

10.               A．something      B．anything        C．nothing   D．everything

11.               A．.admirable      B．interesting      C．optimistic  D．appropriate

12.               A．training        B．imaging         C．expectation    D．performance

13.               A．however       B．after           C．just   D．as

14.               A．useful          B．regretful        C．surprising  D．disgusting

15.               A．screamed       B．laughed        C．spoke D．sang

16.               A．beautiful       B．safe           C．dangerous D．dirty

17.               A．accelerating     B．running        C．appearing  D．falling

18.               A．For            B．So             C．But   D．Or

19.               A．believed        B．denied         C．realized   D．accepted

20.               A．parts          B．legs           C．body D．role

.Can you imagine your doctor warning that taking a bath could be unhealthy? In the early 1800s, many doctors thought that bathtubs(浴缸) could carry diseases, so they advised against their use. The advice wasn’t based on personal experience, because few of the doctors owned bathtubs. The White House did not even have a bathtub until 1851.
In the 19th century, only one home out of six had a bathroom. A child took only one bath a week. On Saturday nights, children all lined up for their turns to wash in a wooden bathtub in the kitchen. Mothers had to boil the water on the stove and carry it over to fill the bathtub. It’s no wonder that children could not jump into a bathtub as they do today.
When the first bathtubs were introduced, even their makers weren’t sure whether the new fashion would last. They advertised their products as water containers that “could be used as bathing tubs”.
The bathtub became popular in America shortly after World War I. By then most middle-class families had indoor taps. At first most bathtubs were made of wood, but as the popularity of the product increased, so did the creativity of bathtub makers. Before porcelain(瓷) bathtubs there were rubber ones like the plastic swimming pools kids use today. In the past few years owners often invited guests to see them. They told their friends how wonderful baths in these bathtubs could be.
Now doctors no longer warn that bathtubs carry diseases. Instead, they tell their patients about the benefits of frequent bathing in the bathtubs. Maybe one of the best reasons why doctors encourage frequent trips to the bathtub is that bathed patients smell better!
47. Many doctors in the past were against using bathtubs because ______.
A. they didn’t have their own bathtubs
B. they thought bathtubs could carry diseases.
C. the children might hurt themselves in the bathtubs
D. bathtubs were too expensive for the common families
48. Why couldn’t children jump into a tub in the 19th century as they do today?
A. It was unhealthy to do so.      B. The bathtubs were not enough.
C. Mothers were always busy.     D. The bathtubs were made of wood.
49. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Some different materials can be used to make bathtubs.
B. In the 19th century only one home out of seven had a bathroom.
C. The bathtub became popular when they were introduced to the market.
D. Children prefer the bathtubs made of plastic to those made of porcelain.
50. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. all the doctors have bathtubs in their homes
B. the doctors have realized the advantages of bathtubs
C. the doctors will make lots of money by advertising bathtubs
D. the patients should take a bath before going to see a doctor

Long ago, operation usually had to be done while the sick man could feel everything. The sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best to save him. He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off, and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.

Soon after 1770, Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “laughing gas”. Laughing gas became known in America. Young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, noticed that people didn’t seem to feel pain when they were using this gas. He decided to make an experiment on himself．He asked a friend to help him．

Wells took some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Wells’ teeth. Wells felt no pain at all.

As he didn’t know enough about laughing gas, he gave a man less gas than he should have. The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out. 

Wells tried again, but this time he gave too much of the gas, and the man died. Wells never forgot this terrible event.

1.Long ago，when the sick man was operated on, he _________．

2.Using the laughing gas, the people did not seem to _________．

3.If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on, he _________．

4.One who took too much of the laughing gas _________．