Pieter Bruegel was a famous artist who lived in Europe five hundred years ago. He is well known for a painting called Children’s Games. People like this painting because it is full of fun. It shows how children in Pieter’s time enjoyed themselves in different ways. In all, there are about eighty games being played in the painting.
Children’s Games shows a busy street scene in a town long ago. The street is a wide and open space. There are no cars, so there is plenty of room to play. There are about two hundred children in the painting. Some play in groups and others play alone. They seem to be enjoying their freedom in the fresh air and their games. Some of the games are still played today.
The games in the painting do not require children to spend money on extra materials(材料). Instead, they use simple everyday objects like hats and sticks. A game might need a rope, some chalk, a hoop, a spinning top, or even a barrel. Some games are played without any toys at all. For example, one scene in the painting shows children turning somersaults(翻筋斗) inside the fence.
Even though Pieter Bruegel lived a long time ago, children today can learn an important lesson from what he painted. The painting shows us how little we need in order to enjoy ourselves. All children really need is one another. It’s not the toys or games that are found in the stores that create fun. Using our imagination can do this for us. 
【小题1】The painting shows about ______ games.

A．500

B．200

C．80

D．60

【小题2】The children in the painting are playing ______.

A．in the street

B．in the house

C．on the grass

D．at the school

【小题3】From the painting we learn that ______.

A．children today need to take more lessons

B．children can create fun by using imagination

C．children need more toys to enjoy themselves

D．children spend much money on everyday objects

Last week, 169 students at No.35 Middle School of Shenyang took their first no-teacher exam. After the teacher handed out the exam paper, he left the room and never came back. A student collected in the papers when the exam ended.

   “That test was not only a test of knowledge, but also a test of moral (道德). We wanted to show students how important honesty is, ” said Mr. Cai, the school’s headmaster. The school says no cheating happened in the test. Next year, it wants 80% of its exams to be without teachers. But students have different ideas.

    “I was happy and excited during the exam because my teachers trusted me,” said Lang Yudan, a 13-year-old girl in Class 11.

“Schools must trust students a lot not to use invigilators(监考人). But I think it is too early. Some students will cheat if there are no invigilators. And the students will not be able to ask for help when needed,” said Hua Sha.

    “I don’t like having invigilators in exams. When they walk around the classroom, they make me nervous. I would get higher marks without them in the room because I would feel more relaxed,” Liu Qingxi said.

    “I think it’s very important to have invigilators in exams. Many students want to check their answers with each other after they have finished papers. And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens. They may make me nervous, but I still think we need them,” Shangguan Yan said.

Not using invigilators may be a good idea. But before using it, schools must tell students the importance of honesty and try to find ways to solve something unusual in exams.

1.The passage mainly talks about ________.

A.how to pass an exam      

B.how to make students honest      

C.whether invigilators are needed in exams  

D.how to make students clever

2.No.35 Middle School of Shenyang held a no-teacher exam to _________.

       A.let the students have a good rest     

B.teach the students in a better way

C.help all the students pass the exam  

D.find whether the students were honest

3.From what the students have studied, we know _________.

       A.invigilators really help them a lot   

B.not all of them agree with the headmaster

       C.something unusual never happens in exams

       D.they like it very much

4.What does Hua Sha think about no-teacher exams ?

A.It’s a good idea to have no-teacher exams but something must be done first.  

B.If there are no invigilators, the students will certainly get lower marks.

C.Exams without invigilators will never be held since students are not honest.  

D.Some parents don’t think it’s fair for everyone to have no-teacher exams.

5.In the sentence “And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens” , “they” refers to __________.

A.students        B.headmasters       C.teachers        D.invigilators

 

Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks(前震) and a larger earthquake might occur. Reduce your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place.

If you are indoors, do “duck, cover and hold”. Duck or drop down to the floor, under something strong, such as a table or a desk, cover your head and face with your arms and hands and hold on to that table or desk so that it does not move away from you as the ground shakes. Do this until the shaking stops and it is safe to move. Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.

Stay clear of windows, fireplaces, and heavy furniture that may fall over. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.

If you are outside, get into the open and stay there. Move away from trees, buildings, signs and power lines. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties（伤亡） result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.

If you are driving, you may not realize what is going on at first because the car may feel like it is going to blow up. Stop the car in as clear and open an area as possible and stay in it until the shaking stops. If it is a really bad quake, turn on the radio to find an emergency channel to get information. Follow the directions of people directing traffic.

If you are in a mountainous area, watch out for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.

If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.

1.Which of the following pictures means “duck, cover and hold”?

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A．Ground movement during an earthquake is the main reason of death.

B．You should keep your windows, fireplaces and heavy furniture clear.

C．Stop your car in the clear area and get out of it if an earthquake happens.

D．Run away from the beach as quickly as possible if an earthquake happens.

3.The passage is mainly about ___________during the earthquake.

A．ways of keeping you safe

B．the importance of keeping safe

C．ways of finding safe places

D．researches on how to keep safe

 

It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?
【小题1】The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.

A．teachers

B．classmates

C．doctors

D．brothers or sisters

【小题2】When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?

A．After they go into society.	B．Before they enter school.
C．When they are at school.	D．Before they are born.

【小题3】Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.

B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.

It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.

Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?

1.The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.

A．teachers          B．classmates         C．doctors           D．brothers or sisters

2.When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?

A．After they go into society.                 B．Before they enter school.

C．When they are at school.                 D．Before they are born.

3.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.

B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.