Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It's possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
"It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness," said the study's chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen's interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried about your health, look on the bright side more often.
【小题1】Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?

A．People talked about their feelings every day.

B．People were kept alone for six days.

C．People were given colds by doctors.

D．People were made to feel unhappy.

【小题2】What did the study find?

A．People who felt happy never got ill.

B．People's feelings didn't influence their health.

C．People with good feelings became ill more easily.

D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses..

【小题3】According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?

A．Eating.

B．Crying.

C．Laughing.

D．Sleeping.

【小题4】This passage is a/an         .

A．advertisement

B．newspaper report

C．story

D．scientist's diary

【小题5】What is the best title for this passage?

A．Smiles can fight colds	B．Cause of colds found
C．The danger of colds	D．How people get sick

For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.
【小题1】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor (因素) that can affect one’s emotions?

A．Weather.	B．Actions of others.
C．Personality.	D．Age.

【小题2】 Which of the following is true about vitamin D according to the passage?

A．It is a kind of artificial chemical.

B．It makes us worried by affecting our brains.

C．It is needed by us all to keep fit.

D．It is in the sunlight.

【小题3】 What can we infer (推断) from the passage?

A．We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.

B．We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.

C．All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.

D．The more vitamin D you have, the happier you’ll be.

【小题4】What may be the best title for this passage?

A．Why Do We Feel Sad?

B．The Weather Influences People’s Emotions

C．People Need More Vitamin D

D．We Can Hardly Change the Weather

1 

Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.

Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It's possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.

"It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness," said the study's chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.

In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.

In this study, Cohen's interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.

The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.

Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried about your health, look on the bright side more often.

1.Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?

A. People talked about their feelings every day.

B. People were kept alone for six days.

C. People were given colds by doctors.

D. People were made to feel unhappy.

2.What did the study find?

A. People who felt happy never got ill.

B. People's feelings didn't influence their health.

C. People with good feelings became ill more easily.

D. People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses..

3.According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?

A. Eating.    B. Crying.    C. Laughing.     D. Sleeping.

4.This passage is a/an          .

A. advertisement  B. newspaper report  C. story  D. scientist's diary

5.What is the best title for this passage?

A. Smiles can fight colds        B. Cause of colds found

C. The danger of colds          D. How people get sick

 

Farmer Ed Rawlings smiles as he looks at his orange trees. The young oranges are growing well in Florida’s weather. Warm sunshine and gentle rains, along with Ed Rawlings’ expert care, will produce a good crop（收成）of oranges this year.

However, Ed has to guard against Florida’s changeable winter weather. In January and February, temperatures can destroy Ed’s entire orange crop. Having farmed in Florida for the past 35 years, Ed is prepared for the frost(霜). When temperatures drop below freezing, Ed tries to save his crop by watering his orange trees. The water freezes and forms a thin layer(层) of ice around the trees. Strange as it may sound, this thin layer of ice actually keeps the fruit warm.

What happens is simple. When the trees are watered, the water loses heat and becomes ice. The warmth of the heat it loses is taken in by the fruit and keeps its temperature at a safe level. Ed has effectively used this method to save many orange crops.

But Ed still faces difficulties. The trees must be watered at the exact moment the temperature drops to the freezing point. Also, just the right quantity(数量)of water must be used. Too much water can form a thicker layer of ice that will break the tree’s branches(树枝). Another difficulty is that wind blows away the heat, so Ed has to worry about not only when but also how often his trees should be watered, and how much water should be used.

Computer technology may help Ed with some of these worries. With equipment(设备), air and soil temperatures and wind speed can be measured. The information is fed into a computer which can calculate(计算) when the temperature will drop below freezing. The computer can correctly decide the quantity of water to be used and how frequently(  ) the trees should be watered. Ed finds looking after his orange trees a lot easier with the help of a computer, and, his customers will have the benefits(利益) of computer—age oranges. 

1.The passage is mainly about______.

A. a farmer expert cares for his orange trees

B. the different uses of computers

C. growing oranges in Florida’s changeable weather

D. different ways of frost protection

2.Ed tries to protect his crop by______.

    A. using a wind machine to drive away the cold air

    B. equipping his orange trees with a computer

    C. watering it at the proper time

    D. picking his fruit at the first sign of frost

3. According to the passage, the computer technology______.

    A. removes the need for frost protection

    B. prevents temperature from dropping

    C. tells farmers why outdoor temperatures change

    D. helps the farmer get a better harvest

 

Plant scientists consider them as fruit. Most other people think of them as vegetables. Whatever you call tomatoes, there are many different kinds of this popular and healthy food.
There are two groups of the plants. Small tomato plants grow to about one meter. They can be planted rather close together. Some short kinds do not require special care and are often gotten crop by machines. Large tomato plants can grow over two meters tall. They also produce larger fruits.
People who grow only a few plants can place wire cages around each one. The cage can be made of wire fence material. The cage helps the plant grow taller and produce a better crop.
Tomatoes often need extra calcium (Ca), or the fruits may be ruined. Add lime to the soil can solve this problem. Dry lands may also ruin the fruits. Tomatoes need water regularly. The soil should never dry out completely. Dried grass or leaves placed around the plant can help hold water in the soil and stop the growth of unwanted plants.
Tomatoes are native to South America. The tomato is a member of the potato family. The leaves of the plant are poisonous, like the leaves of its relatives. Before the 18^th century, people grew tomatoes only as pretty plants. They called the bright red fruit a “love apple”, but would not eat it.
【小题1】Which of the following is right about the small tomato plants?
A. They can grow to about 2 meters.          
B. They can’t be planted close together.
C. Some of them don’t require special care.
【小题2】People place wire cages around the plant in order to ___________.
A. protect the plant from being taken by others.
B. help the plant grow taller and produce a better crop
C. keep the plant from being eaten by animals
【小题3】The underlined word “ruin” probably means “___________”.
A. grow         B. destroy              C. stop          
【小题4】 People often give tomatoes extra calcium by ___________.
A. adding lime to the soil                    B. watering the plant regularly
C. putting dried grass around the plant 
【小题5】What can we learn from the passage?
A. Tomatoes are native to North America.
B. The leaves of the plant can also be eaten.
C. Americans began to eat tomatoes from the 18^th century.