Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉）of warmth encourages emotional warmth. While a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise deeisions – those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists （心理学家）have known that one person’s feelings of another’s “warmth”is a powerful factor in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is an important thing needed to be thought about carefully. Even there are studies showing that a “cold” person may be more skillful. Much of this is deep into very early childhood experiences. Bargh argues, when babies’ sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, especially warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “ mother ” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to give strength to the need for warm physical touch from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “ warmth ” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those sensations influence judgment in many countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh did an experiment in which 41 college students took part in. A research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that. The students were asked to rate （评估）the personality of “Person A” based on the description. Those who had just held the warm drink thought Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

56. According to Paragraph 1. a person’s emotion may be affected by _______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

57. The writer mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that _______.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. babies need warm physical touch

C. caregivers should be healthy adults

D. monkeys have social relationships

58. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. feelings of warmth and coldness are studies worldwide

B. social skills do not come from physical experiences

C. physical temperature influences how we see others

D. skillful persons are often cold to others

59. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

C. Experiments of Personal Emotion.

D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

For the 17 years my life was very happy. Then the first sad thing happened. My mother became very ill. Just before she died, she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room. She said, “Victor and Elizabeth, I’m very happy because you love each other, and because one day you’ll get married. Everyone in the family loves you, Elizabeth. Will you take my place in the family, my dear? I can die happy if you look after them when I have gone.”

My mother died and we were very sad, because we loved her so much. Elizabeth was brave and helped us; her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother’s death. The time came for me to go to university(大学). I didn’t want to leave my sad family, but we all knew that I should go. It was hard to leave, too, because the parents of my good friend Henry would not let him go to university with me. So I had gone alone.

On my first day at university I met Professor Waldman. He gave a wonderful talk to all the students. He ended his talk by saying, “Some of you will become the greatest scientists of tomorrow. You must study hard and discover everything that you can.”

After the professor’s talk, I thought very carefully. I remembered the storm when I was 15; I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree. From then on, I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life. I decided to work on these two things.

I started to work the next day. I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist.

The professor and other important scientists helped me. I was interested in my work and I did not take one day’s holiday during the next two years. After two years, I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was the best in the university. My machine would help me answer the most important question of all. How does life begin? Is it possible to put life into dead things? To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death. I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them. In the hospital and in the university, I watched the dying and the dead. Day after day, month after month, I followed death, so it was a dark and terrible time.

I built a tall mast(桅杆)about 150 metres high, which is higher than the tallest building in the city, to catch lightning and send the electricity down to my machine in the lab. I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead.

Then one day, the answer came to me. Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life.

47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Elizabeth married shortly after Victor’s mother died.

B. Elizabeth was a brave girl who loved Victor and gave him much help.

C. Victor’s mother was very angry when she knew he loved Elizabeth.

D. Victor did not want to leave his family because his mother died not long before.

48. Victor did all the following during his research in the university EXCEPT that ______.

A. he discovered many things and built a scientific machine

B. he learnt much about death both in the hospital and in the university

C. he worked hard and took only one day’s holiday during the next two years

D. he built a tall mast to catch lightning and send the electricity down to the lab

49. According to the writer, the secret of life is to _______.

A. give life to things that were dead	B. build the best machine to learn about death
C. use electricity to help others	D. become the greatest scientist of tomorrow

50. Which is the correct order about the life of Victor?

① Victor’s mother passed away.

② Victor got help from the professor and other scientists.

③ Victor went to university and attended the professor’s talk.

④ Victor found the answer to giving life to things that were dead.

⑤ Victor experienced a storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.

A. ①②③④⑤

B. ⑤①②④③

C. ①③②⑤④

D. ⑤①③②④

Every year thousands of young people in England finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to university．Some young people go to other countries and work as volunteers．Volunteers give their time to help people．For example, they work in schools or hospitals, or they do something helpful for the environment．

Jenny Smith, 18 years old, lives in Cardiff, Wales．Next year she wants to go to university to study Chinese, but she is now living in Belize．Jenny says, "I'm working with other people here to save the coral reefs（珊瑚礁） in the sea near Belize．The reefs here are beautiful, but if the sea water is seriously polluted, the coral（珊瑚） will die．I'm helping to do research on the coral and the fish around the reefs．All over the world, coral reefs are dying．We need to do something about the pollution before it's too late．"

"I'm staying with a family here and I help do some work．I don't get money, but that's OK．I love my work here, and I'm learning a lot about the people of Belize--and myself! When I finish my work, I want to stay here for another three months when I can travel around Belize and Central

America．"

1．Some young people from England               after they finish school．

A．go to universities in other countries

B．spend one year in other countries as volunteers

C．go to work for money

D．spend the holiday with their parents

2．Jenny Smith is                    with other people．

     A．studying Chinese in China                 B．having a trip in Belize

     C．working to save the coral reefs           D．doing some research in Wales

3．We learn from the passage that the coral          ．

A．is not as beautiful as before              B．can't live without fish in the sea

C．will probably be sold for money            D．will die because of the pollution

4．Jenny Smith wants to                   after she finishes her work as a volunteer

A．travel around Central America                 B．stay there for another year

C．go back home to start work                        D．learn about the people at home

For the 17 years my life was very happy. Then the first sad thing happened. My mother became very ill. Just before she died, she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room. She said, “Victor and Elizabeth, I’m very happy because you love each other, and because one day you’ll get married. Everyone in the family loves you, Elizabeth. Will you take my place in the family, my dear? I can die happy if you look after them when I have gone.”

My mother died and we were very sad, because we loved her so much. Elizabeth was brave and helped us; her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother’s death. The time came for me to go to university(大学). I didn’t want to leave my sad family, but we all knew that I should go. It was hard to leave, too, because the parents of my good friend Henry would not let him go to university with me. So I had gone alone.

On my first day at university I met Professor Waldman. He gave a wonderful talk to all the students. He ended his talk by saying, “Some of you will become the greatest scientists of tomorrow. You must study hard and discover everything that you can.”

After the professor’s talk, I thought very carefully. I remembered the storm when I was 15; I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree. From then on, I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life. I decided to work on these two things.

I started to work the next day. I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist.

The professor and other important scientists helped me. I was interested in my work and I did not take one day’s holiday during the next two years. After two years, I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was the best in the university. My machine would help me answer the most important question of all. How does life begin? Is it possible to put life into dead things? To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death. I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them. In the hospital and in the university, I watched the dying and the dead. Day after day, month after month, I followed death, so it was a dark and terrible time.

I built a tall mast(桅杆)about 150 metres high, which is higher than the tallest building in the city, to catch lightning and send the electricity down to my machine in the lab. I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead.

Then one day, the answer came to me. Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Elizabeth married shortly after Victor’s mother died.

B．Elizabeth was a brave girl who loved Victor and gave him much help.

C．Victor’s mother was very angry when she knew he loved Elizabeth.

D．Victor did not want to leave his family because his mother died not long before.

2.Victor did all the following during his research in the university EXCEPT that ______.

A．he discovered many things and built a scientific machine

B．he learnt much about death both in the hospital and in the university

C．he worked hard and took only one day’s holiday during the next two years

D．he built a tall mast to catch lightning and send the electricity down to the lab

3.According to the writer, the secret of life is to _______.

A．give life to things that were dead

B．build the best machine to learn about death

C．use electricity to help others

D．become the greatest scientist of tomorrow

4.Which is the correct order about the life of Victor?

① Victor’s mother passed away.

② Victor got help from the professor and other scientists.

③ Victor went to university and attended the professor’s talk.

④ Victor found the answer to giving life to things that were dead.

⑤ Victor experienced a storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.

A．①②③④⑤                           B．⑤①②④③

C．①③②⑤④                           D．⑤①③②④