Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

?? Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping（向---送出） blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

??? Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."

??? The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. So our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."

?? To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. "We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.

?? "We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. fear has something to do with one's health.

B. fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

C. One's heart affects how he feels fear.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.When are people more likely to feel a sense of fear ?

A. When the heartbeat is relaxed.

B. When their hearts are contracting.

C. When people are tired.

D. When people are happy.

3.The study was carried out by analyzing （分析）_______.

A. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

B. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication

4.Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism" in Paragraph 6?

A. Order.           B. Machine.          C. Treatment.          D. System.

5.This study may be useful to _______.

A. treating anxiety and stress better

B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

C. finding the sky to the heart-brain communication

D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

One day a man found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly in the forest. He sat there for several hours and watched the butterfly. Suddenly a small opening appeared, and the butterfly made its great effort to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no further.
So the man decided to help the butterfly. He cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily. But to his surprise, the butterfly got a heavy body and very small wings when it came out of the cocoon.
The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that the body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would become larger and be able to fly. But neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling (爬) around with a heavy body and small wings. It was never able to fly.
The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon, fluid(流体) from its body must be forced into its wings, and then it would be ready for flying. It must have a hard struggle (拼搏) to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon.
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If God allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been; we could never fly.
【小题1】What was the butterfly doing at the beginning of the story ?

Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile? We hope we can help you understand how we are trying to help children all over the world.

Operation Smile was started by a doctor and his wife. In 1982, together with some volunteers, they went to Philippines to help children who had holes in their lips or inside their mouths. It was very difficult for them to eat and drink. These volunteers worked very hard. But they worried that they could not carry on with the work because they were short of money. Then they decided to start a charity so that they could help these needy children. They called it Operation Smile.
Operation Smile works in more than twenty developing countries and has cured over 10,000 children who have problems with their mouths. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999 they even started a special event called“The World Journey of Hope”. 5,000 children in 18 countries are cured during the event.
On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they can continue to help children when Operation Smile has left. As to the children with much more serious problems, they will send them to America for further treatment.
So show your kindness and generosity to the needy children now. You can send your donation to Operation Smile at local banks. Many thanks from the children who can smile now will come to you.
【小题1】Operation Smile is a famous _____, which was started by a doctor and his wife.

Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile? We hope we can help you understand how we are trying to help children all over the world.

Operation Smile was started by a doctor and his wife. In 1982, together with some volunteers, they went to Philippines to help children who had holes in their lips or inside their mouths. It was very difficult for them to eat and drink. These volunteers worked very hard. But they worried that they could not carry on with the work because they were short of money. Then they decided to start a charity so that they could help these needy children. They called it Operation Smile.

    Operation Smile works in more than twenty developing countries and has cured over 10,000 children who have problems with their mouths. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999 they even started a special event called“The World Journey of Hope”. 5,000 children in 18 countries are cured during the event.

    On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they can continue to help children when Operation Smile has left. As to the children with much more serious problems, they will send them to America for further treatment.

    So show your kindness and generosity to the needy children now. You can send your donation to Operation Smile at local banks. Many thanks from the children who can smile now will come to you.

1.Operation Smile is a famous _____, which was started by a doctor and his wife.

A. school               B. charity          C. building             D. person

2.Operation Smile helps the children by _____.

A. curing the children who have problems with their mouths      

B. helping poor children go back to school

C. helping blind children to see again     

D. offering houses to homeless children

3. Five thousand children from _____ countries are cured during the event “The World Journey of Hope”.

A. ten                  B sixteen           C. eighteen             D. twenty

4.Why did they worry that they could not carry on with the work?

Because  _____.

A.there were no more volunteers

B.they went to America for further study

C.they didn’t have enough money           

D.the doctors were too busy            

5.What does the writer ask us to do to show our kindness and generosity to the needy children?

A. To donate money at local banks.

B. To be a volunteer in Philippines.

C. To send cards to the needy children.

D. To be a doctor of Operation Smile.

One day a man found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly in the forest. He sat there for several hours and watched the butterfly. Suddenly a small opening appeared, and the butterfly made its great effort to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no further.

So the man decided to help the butterfly. He cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily. But to his surprise, the butterfly got a heavy body and very small wings when it came out of the cocoon.

The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that the body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would become larger and be able to fly. But neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling (爬) around with a heavy body and small wings. It was never able to fly.

The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon, fluid(流体) from its body must be forced into its wings, and then it would be ready for flying. It must have a hard struggle (拼搏) to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon.

Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If God allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been; we could never fly.

1.What was the butterfly doing at the beginning of the story ?

A．It was trying to make a cocoon for itself.

B．It was struggling to get out of its cocoon.

C．It was flying among the trees in the forest.

D．It was crawling around quietly on the ground.

2.The man cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon

A．to take the butterfly home

B．to help the butterfly come out easily

C．to kill the butterfly

D．to stop the butterfly growing bigger

3.What do you think of the man?

A．Patient but cruel.

B．Careful and wise.

C．Kind but unwise.

D．Brave and funny.

4.What does the last paragraph（段落） tell us?

A．Struggles are sometimes necessary in our life.

B．Nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it.

C．Every good deed will come back with good result.

D．The greatest happiness in the world is to help others.

5.What is the best title for the story?

A．The Love for the Cocoon.

B．The Joy of Helping Each Other.

C．The Lesson of the Cocoon.

D．The Expectation for the Butterfly.