When I worked as a waitress in Chicago, US, my coworkers  and I would groan (叹 息) whenever we heard someone with a foreign accent coming into our restaurant. We knew

what it meant to serve a non–American: no tip. We would work just as hard as we always did,

but we might not get paid.

    Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who

offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate (合适的) tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service, but the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it on himself/herself.

So if you order $100 worth of food, you are expected to pay your waiter at least $15, making your total payment $115. Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiter that you think they’ve done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable.

    It’s not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They’ll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay.

    Some countries include a tip for waiters – a “service charge” – on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don’t need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table.

    Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill. So as much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect.

Why would the author and her coworkers groan when they had to serve a non-American?

   A. They would have difficulty understanding the customer.

   B. They had to work harder to get tips from the customer.

   C. They might not get any payment from the customer.

   D. They thought a non-American customer would be hard to please.

If you order $550 worth of food, you are supposed to pay your waiter at least ______.

   A. $55    B. $82.5     C. $100     D.$110

Why would it be thought unacceptable not to tip a waiter in the US?

   A. They enjoy getting tips from their customers.

   B. They work harder than waiters in other countries.

   C. They are greedier than waiters in other countries.

   D. They earn most of their money from diners’ tips.

三：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Most dog owners feel that their dogs are their best friends. Almost everyone likes dogs because they try hard to please their owners. One of my favorite stories is about a dog who wanted his owner to please him.
One of my friends has a large German shepherd ( 牧羊狗) named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, my friend takes Jack for a walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much.
One Sunday afternoon, a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time, and he talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor didn’t leave. Jack became very worried about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times and then sat down directly in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention. He continued talking. Finally, Jack couldn’t stand it any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time he held the man’s hat in his mouth.
　　German shepherds aren’t the only intelligent dogs. Another intelligent dog is a Seeing Eye dog. This is a special dog which helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things. We call these dogs Seeing Eye dogs because they are the “eye” of the blind people and they help them to “see”. Seeing Eye dogs generally go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people.
56. The writer tells the story about the dog Jack to show that _____________.
A. like many other dogs, it always tried to please its owner master
B. unlike many other dogs, it always wanted its master to please it
C. it was more intelligent than many other dogs
D. it was the most faithful dog of his friend’s
57. Jack came to sit in front of the visitor in order to __________.
A. please him                                          B. be pleased
C. ask him to leave immediately                 D. invite him for a walk
58. The sentence “Finally, Jack couldn’t stand it any longer.” means_________.
A. Jack could no longer put up with the visitor
B. Jack could no longer stand but he might sit down
C. Jack was very tired and wanted a rest
D. Jack was very angry with the visitor
59. Which of the following titles would be the best for the passage?
A. Dogs--- A Great Help to People                 B. Dogs--- Our Faithful Companions
C. An Introduction to Dogs                 D. Famous Dogs in Germany

When I worked as a waitress in Chicago, US, my coworkers  and I would groan (叹息) whenever we heard someone with a foreign accent coming into our restaurant. We knew what it meant to serve a non–American: no tip. We would work just as hard as we always did, but we might not get paid

Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate (合适的) tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service, but the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it on himself/herself.

So if you order $100 worth of food, you are expected to pay your waiter at least $15, making your total payment $115. Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiter that you think they’ve done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable.

It’s not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They’ll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay.

Some countries include a tip for waiters – a “service charge” – on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don’t need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table.

Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill. So as much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect.

55. Why would the author and her coworkers groan when they had to serve a non-American?

A. They would have difficulty understanding the customer.

B. They had to work harder to get tips from the customer.

C. They might not get any payment from the customer.

D. They thought a non-American customer would be hard to please.

56. If you order $550 worth of food, you are supposed to pay your waiter at least ______.

A. $55    B. $82.5     C. $100     D.$110

57. Why would it be thought unacceptable not to tip a waiter in the US？

A. They enjoy getting tips from their customers.

B. They work harder than waiters in other countries.

C. They are greedier than waiters in other countries.

D. They earn most of their money from diners’ tips.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

　　In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let's be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”

　　Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful(报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40％ of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El A1 Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.

1．It may be inferred from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．customer service in Israel is now improving

B．wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please

C．the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel

D．Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones

2．In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.

[　　]

A．if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management

B．unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers

C．if there's no competition among companies

D．without strict routine training of employees

3．If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.

[　　]

A．they can have it fixed in no time

B．it's no longer necessary to make an appointment

C．the appointment takes only half a day to make

D．they only have to wait half an hour at most

4．The example of El Al Airlines shows that ________.

[　　]

A．revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises

B．an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty

C．a good slogan has great potential for improving service

D．staff retraining is essential for better service

5．Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40％ of its market share?

[　　]

A．Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.

B．Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.

C．Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.

D．Because it no longer received any support from the government.