Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (鱼群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鲱鱼), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (声纳) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (产卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐渐消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.
1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?
A. schools of thoughts       B. school a horse   C. a school of whales       D. a medical school
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.
A.when there are predators around  B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets  D. when the sun rises
4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?
A. To avoid the darkness.
B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
C. To spawn in the shallow waters.
D. To make themselves feel safe.

Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (鱼群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.

Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鲱鱼), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (声纳) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (产卵).

They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.

The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.

“When the light fades (逐渐消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”

Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.

Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.

Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.

1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?

A. schools of thoughts       B. school a horse   C. a school of whales       D. a medical school

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.

B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.

D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.

3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.

A.when there are predators around  B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets  D. when the sun rises

4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?

A. To avoid the darkness.

B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.

C. To spawn in the shallow waters.

D. To make themselves feel safe.

Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (鱼群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鲱鱼), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (声纳) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (产卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐渐消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.

1. 1.

   Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?

   1. A.
      schools of thoughts      
   2. B.
      school a horse  
   3. C.
      a school of whales      
   4. D.
      a medical school
2. 2.

   Which of the following statements is true?

   1. A.
      There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
   2. B.
      The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
   3. C.
      The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
   4. D.
      Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. 3.

   According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.

   1. A.
      when there are predators around 
   2. B.
      when they spawn
   3. C.
      when the sun sets 
   4. D.
      when the sun rises
4. 4.

   What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?

   1. A.
      To avoid the darkness.
   2. B.
      To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
   3. C.
      To spawn in the shallow waters.
   4. D.
      To make themselves feel safe.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

B

Most parents love the Internet and want their kids to use it. But a new survey in America finds almost as many also fear the online world—especially social networking sites such as My Space—and worry their kids will get in trouble with people they meet.

“The parents see the web’s incredible potential(可能性), and they know their kids have to be there.” says James Steyer, CEO of Common Sense Media, which released results from a survey that looked into parental attitudes toward the Internet. “It is also what they are scared of most.”

The study was conducted online May 5-10 by Insight Research Group. It says 80% of parents are concerned about kids meeting bad people online. That’s because young people who largely have grown up with the Net think of it as a social outlet(出口), say the researchers. To young people, the benefits of giving out some personal information to reach out to friends outweigh the risks. And the study shows they are so comfortable with the medium that 78% have a personal website or blog.

Parents also recognize the importance of the Internet. The survey shows 91% think the Net helps their children explore their passions, and 77% think the Internet is one of the most valuable education tools teens have. But 88% think it’s important to know what their kids are doing online.

Findings suggest both parents and teens need more education about using online media, Steyer says.

Internet safety has become an increasing concern for parents in America. Organizations like the Non-profit Common Sense have been trying to reach and help parents pay attention to the problem.

【小题１】 In the second paragraph, the underlined word “It” refers to_____.

A. Common Sense Media                              B. the result of the survey

C. the web’s incredible potential                       D. the website called My Space

【小题１】Why do young people give out their personal information?

A. They think it has more advantages than disadvantages.

B. They want to make themselves famous by doing that.

C. They want to have a personal website each.

D. They want to get some information from others.

【小题１】 Most parents think it is important to know_____.

A. where their children give out the information    B. what kind of websites they have

C. how often they go online                              D. what their children are doing online

【小题１】From the passage we can infer that_____.

A. children are too young to know how to use the Internet

B. parents must teach their children how to use the Internet

C. parents also need to learn more about using the Internet

D. the Internet is the most valuable tool for children to learn

Money and Happiness

A Guide to Living the good life

Author: Laura Rowley

Publisher: Wiley (March 1, 2005)

Laura Rowley makes us all understand the money-happiness connection in our own lives so that we spend our time and our efforts wisely. She offers insight that every reader can use to make smarter decisions that will lead to living a rich life in every possible definition of the term.

The Happiness Makeover

How to Teach Yourself to Be Happy and Enjoy Every Day

Author: M. J. Ryan

Publisher: Broadway (May 10, 2005)

Ryan’s own desire to be happier first led(引领) her to study what is known about happiness from brain science, psychology, and the wisdom traditions of the world. The Happiness Makeover draws on this wide-ranging knowledge and presents a plan that will help you:

Clear away happiness hindrances(障碍物) like worry, fear, envy, and grudges

Discover happiness boosters like meaningful work, challenge, and gratitude

Learn to think optimistically(乐观地)（it is really possible!）

Find daily ways to truly enjoy, even relish, the moments of your life Happiness

The Science Behind Your Smile

Author: Daniel Nettle

Publisher: Oxford University Press (July 1, 2005)

This is the first book to look thoroughly at what happiness is and how it works. Nettle examines whether people are basically happy or unhappy, whether success can make us happy, why some people are happier than others, and much more.

Hormones（荷尔蒙）, health, and Happiness

Author: Steven F. Hotze

Publisher: Forrest Publishing (April, 2005)

Dr Steven Hotze is leading a wellness revolution that advances a new model of health care. In Hormones, Health, and Happiness you are shown how to reach and maintain optional cell, tissue(身体组织), and organ（器官） functioning so that you can enjoy a better quality of life.

1.At least how many books are written by women according to the passage above?

A. 4      B. 3      C. 2      D. 1

2.Whose model will possibly help readers obtain health naturally(自然地)?

A. Laura Rowley   B. Ryan’s    C. Daniel Nettle’s    D. Steven F. Hotze’s

3.Which book is the result of the author’s own need to know more about happiness?

A. Hormones, health, and Happiness

B. Money and Happines

C. The Happiness Makeover

D. The Science Behind Your Smile