1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式作主语表示具体动作. Smoz.x.x.kld一词.其后宾语只跟不定式.不能跟动名词.例如: I should liz.x.x.kch, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语. John will do anything but worz.x.x.kt shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上. Not z.x.x.kt a word more spoken, he picked up the paper. 没再多说一个字.他拾起那张纸. 6.The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了.我们的晚会开始了. 五.独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同: 1.独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句.但是.独立主格结构转换成状语从句后.有自己的逻辑主语.与主句的主语不一致,而分词短语转化为状语从句后.从句的主语与主句的主语相同.例: ⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. -→Time permitting.we’d better have a rest at this weekend. 如果时间允许.本周末我们最好休息一下. ⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. -→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 从顶楼上看.花园更漂亮. 2. 还应该注意.分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致.而是主句的其他成分.语法上称作“依着原则 ,有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语.语法上称作“悬垂分词 .例: ⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表.用了我很长时间. ⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root. 种花时必须小心.不能碰坏花根. 六.独立主格结构与独立成分的异同: 1.有的分词短语可以独立存在.在句子中没有逻辑上的主语.实际上已经成了习惯短语.这些短语有:generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等. 例: ⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说.这个规则很容易懂. ⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根据他所说的.她一定很诚实. 2.有些固定短语是带to的不定式.表明说话人的立场和态度.在句中作独立成分.这些短语有:to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等.例: ⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion. 说实话.我在会上说的并不是我的意见. ⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是.他把钥匙锁在车里了 七.非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中.非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系. Such an able man to help you.you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的.(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后.他母亲开始给他讲故事.(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he.注意是“主格 ) = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙.他只好步行去学校.(lost 的逻辑主语是the key.lost 也可以用完成式having been lost) = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A.不定式“独立主格结构 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式 结构中.动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系.这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达. 1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中.动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系. His mother to come tonight.he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜.(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.) --will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗? --sorry. So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time. 对不起.有这多的作业要批.我真的抽不出时间. (=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.) The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干.每人翻译全书的四分之一. (=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.) Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树.花和草后.我们新建的学校将看上去更美.(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B.-ing形式“独立主格结构 动词的-ing形式作状语时.其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致. Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了.(= As he was very ill, he went home.) Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 在课桌旁坐好后.他开始看杂志.(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.) 1. 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好后.老师开始上课.(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready) The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每个人坐好后.主席开始开会.(相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated) 2. 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路.我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞.(相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way) Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他.他感到有点儿紧张.(相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him) 必背: 含有being的独立主格结构. It being National Day today.the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤. = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论.我们都回家了. = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3. 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 时间允许的话.我们下星期将进行一次野炊.(相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话.我愿工作到深夜.(相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows) 4. 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着.每个人胸前都带着一张卡.(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest) The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上.眼睛看着天空.(相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky) C.-ed形式“独立主格结构 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样.如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话.就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构. The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用简单英语写的.英语初学者也能看懂. = As the book was written in simple English.English beginners were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高.他们工作得更起劲了. = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲.眼睛紧盯着黑板. = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months' leave. 任务完成以后.他休了两个月的假.(=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.) 比较: 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生.动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束.动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行. The manager looks worried.many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理.(事情还没有处理.而且是由经理本人来处理.用不定式to settle) The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了. 经理看上去很轻松.(事情已经处理好了.用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束) The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭.一边看电视. The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了.小孩去睡了.(两个动作有先后.饭已做好.小孩才去睡觉的 八. with.without 引导的独立主格结构 介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构.上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现. A. with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉. = He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中.衣服湿透了. = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意: 在“with+名词代词+形容词 构成的独立主格结构中.也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式. With his son so disappointing.the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐. With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study. 父亲如此出名.儿子不想读书. B. with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时.我们的学校看上去更美. = Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前.小孩在后走着. = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C. with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口.手里拿着一部电脑. = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前.嘴里衔着一支笔. = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D. with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了.彼得出去玩了. = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了.火车开始起动了. = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成.我不敢回家. = I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished. E. with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式 The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him. 有这么多的孩子坐在他周围.那男子感到很高兴. = The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来.没有人知道它在哪里. = The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候.从窗口溜走了. = When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window. F. with+名词代词+动词不定式 The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do. 有这么多的家庭作业要做.小男孩看上去很不开心. = The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do. The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观.小孩很激动. The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit. 提示: 在with/without 的复合结构中.多数情况下with 能省略.但without 不能省略. Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室. 九.独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语.时间状语.条件状语和伴随状语外.还能作定语.在形式上.“独立主格结构 可位于句首.句中或句尾.并通常用逗号与主句隔开. A.作状语 独立主格结构作状语.其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句. 1.表示时间 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临.我们在一家小旅馆住了下来. (= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.) All the guests seated, they began their dinner. 所有的客人就坐后.他们才开始吃饭. (= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.) With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home. 所需要的都买好后.格雷斯打的回家了. (After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.) 2.表示原因 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 有许多难题要解决.新当选的总统日子不好过. (= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.) There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight. 由于在半夜没有交通工具了. 他只好步行回家. (= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.) 3.表示条件 Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week. 如果天气允许的话.我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会. (= If weather permits.we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.) All the work done, you can have a rest. 所有工作做好后.你可以休息. (=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.) Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果从各方面考虑.你的计划似乎更实际些. (= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.) 提示: 表示时间.原因.条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首.并且不能保留连词. [误]When class being over, the students left their classroom. [正]Class over, the students left their classroom. 下课了.学生都离开了教室. [误]The moon appearing and they continued their way. [正]The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了.他们继续赶路. 4.表示伴随情况或补充说明 The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand. 那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖. (= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 杀人犯被带了进来.手被捆在背后. (=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.) Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 有两百人在事故中丧生.其中许多是儿童. (Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.) B.作定语 独立主格结构作定语.其功能相当于一个定语从句. He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student) 他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人. = He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled. You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle) 你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶. = You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off. He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides. 他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上. (without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road ) = He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides. 提示: 在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况.需要提示的是.不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构. If you stand on the top of the mountain.the park looks more beautiful. 如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美. If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided. 如果你仔细检查试卷的话.有些错误是可以避免的. 【查看更多】

 

题目列表(包括答案和解析)

佳句翻译:

1. 他坐在窗前静静地读书。

2. 我决不相信他的话。

3. 经常有些时候我忘记了锁门。

4. 假如她不同意,我们怎么办?

5. 他没回家。他去了办公室继续写那份文件。

6. 他喜欢运动。他不喜欢看电视。

7. 在说话时,他变得更加激动。

8. 她非常激动,结果是一句话也说不出来。

9. 这篇文章很难,在场所有的人都读不懂。

10. 她是一个乐于助人的热心人。她经常尽其所能去帮助那些陷入困境的人。

11. 他正确发那个单词的音很困难。

12. 他父母的健康每况愈下,他为此很是忧虑。

13. 不顾天气的寒冷,那些球迷仍然在期待那位球星能够出现在机场。

14. 那项计划最终是失败的。

15. 他到澳大利亚去是为了主修新闻媒体专业。

16. 听到她的宠物猫不见了的消息,她哭得十分伤心。

17. 人人都知道台湾是中国的一部分。

18. 人们相信体育锻炼有利于健康。

19. 有一群人在路边。他们好像在等人。

20. 在英国学习期间,他们不仅练习了口语,而且了解了它的文化和习俗。

21. 另人不解的是,他老是在炎热的天关着窗户睡觉。

22. 在他很小的时候,他的父亲就去世了,没有留给他和母亲任何东西。

23. 他们一大早就不辞而别。

24. 由于一块大石头挡在路中间,我们无法通过。

25. 在任何时间、任何地点,我们都应注意言谈举止。

26. 去年我参观了那个辉煌的宫殿。它的美丽是无法用语言来表达。

27. 不久他们来到了一条河。在河岸上生长着茂盛的灌木丛。

28. 那场演出十分成功。这使演员们十分激动。

29. 她把自己锁在房间里看了一天电视。

30. 在炎热的夏天,人们更喜欢在户外纳凉。

31. 当你接近大自然的时候,你会发现它的美丽是任何东西所不能比拟的。

32. 个人电脑己成为人们日常生活中的必需。

33. 我们经常听音乐来放松一下自己。

34. 除非被问到你是否知道此事,否则你什么也别说。

35. 说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

36. 昨天晚上,我们正看着一场精彩的篮球比赛,突然灯灭了。

37. 毫无疑问,不同的人有不同的爱好。

38. 天气预报说在未来几天将有一场暴风雪。

39. 由于气温的一天天降低,人们穿上了厚厚的冬装。

40. 很多年过去了,那个小山村依然如旧。村民们仍然以他们自己的方式生活着。

41. 再过几天就是春节了。难怪人们正在忙于购物和打扫卫生。

42. 那里曾经是一片茂密的树林,但现在它己经成了一片沙地。

43. 我不明白为什么你的自行车又丢了?

44. 他撒谎是司空见惯的事。

45. 一到家,他就开始玩电脑游戏,这占用了大部分他本该学习的时间。

46. 今天谁值日?

47. 当我们登门拜访他时,他不巧外出了。

48. 在有些城区,人们更愿意骑自行车外出。

49. 如果你把这款手机与那款手机比较一下,那么这一款在价格上和质量上均优于那一款。

50. 他们尽了最大的努力要回了那座属于他们自己的房子。

51. 尽管你可以试一下,但终归会遭受失败。

52. 如果有必要的话,我们可以暂时不告诉他真相。

53. 过了很久那个病人才苏醒过来。

54. 他站在那里不知所措。

55. 他很有可能己经知道了那个实验的结果。

56. 我不喜欢政治和历史。

57. 我们曾经在夕阳西下时在河边散步。

58. 由于校园里到处是树木和草坪,它看上去非常迷人,尤其是在春天和秋天。

59. 所有的旅客都安全着陆。

60. 李明是一个聪明、善良、自信、热情的孩子。

61. 河岸上长着许多不知名的植物。

62. 如果必要,我会及时把情况通告给你们的。

63. 要不是你及时帮助我,我不可能成功地通过高考。

64. 由于天气好,我们的旅行十分愉快。

65. 那位中年妇女背着一个孩子艰难地在雪地里行进。

66. 在交谈时要注意措辞。

67. 我的通话还没结束,电话就中断了。

68. 他有很多爱好。他喜欢郊游、集邮、爬山、读小说等。

69. 这篇作文写得很好,但有几个错别字。

70. 一座建于500年前的宫殿耸立在城市的中心。

71. 那个女该受到了很高的评价,那是因为她的绘画得了一等奖。

72. 直到老师走到他跟前,他才停止玩那支刚买的钢笔。

73. 在大街上走着一群唱着歌的少先队员。

74. 那些在公共场合随地吐痰的人必须被罚款。

75. 我不知道她在哪儿,我也不关心她过得怎样。

76. 一阵风吹来,他的帽子飞到了空中。

77. 他到这儿来不是来责备你的,而是来送你回家的。

78. 住在隔壁的那家人在我最需要帮助时帮助了我。

79. 他看见地上有一个装满了硬币的口袋。

80. 村民们看着那些巨大的脚印,心里充满了恐惧。

81. 看到家乡发生了这么大的变化,他高兴地笑了。

82. 人们希望人类和动物能够和睦相处。

83. 妈妈让我带上雨伞,以防下雨。

84. 一旦做出决定,它就必须立即执行。

85. 她的头发每天都在掉,这使她十分不安。

86. 他是值得信赖的。你在任何时候都可以依靠他的帮助。

87. 她的父母每周都去观看京剧,这己成为了一个惯例。

88. 这条路很宽。它可以容纳四辆卡车同时通过。

89. 美国朋友参观了实验楼以后,他们又去教学楼参观。

90. 他很晚才回家。但不幸的是,他发现屋子里的贵重物品不翼而飞了。

91. 这条河长100多英里,宽150米。

92. 布朗先生是我的好朋友。我曾在他的公司里工作了5年。

93. 天好像要下雨。

94. 那位老人坐在门口,膝上有一只可爱的白色小猫。

95. 教室里好像有人。

96. 大雨倾盆而下

97. 只有当人们看到自然资源一天天枯竭的时候, 他们才知道节约用水是多么重要。

98. 门开了,进来一位夹着一本厚厚的教科书的教授。

99. 他盯着电视屏幕,假装没看见我。

100. 就在那个我们经常去的超市我们发现了那个小偷。

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