根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Friends play an important part in our lives，and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,   1.  ．

    Moreover, a great many relationships come under the general term “friendship”．In all cases，two people like one another and enjoy being together，but beyond that，the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their interest in each other change greatly．

    At the beginning, much depends on how people meet，and on good first impressions. As we

get to know people,   2.  . Although these factors are not of the greatest importance，it is more

difficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background．

    Then,  3. ．Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than ordinary friends．Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness，and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty making friends. A friendly look with a wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare，and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness．

    Some relationships are a result of argument and discussion，but it is usual for close friends to have the same ideas and beliefs，the same opinion and interests. The more closely involved people become．the more they depend on each other. And   4.  . Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with annoying habits，and to accept differences in opinion.

    In contrast with marriage,   5. . But the support and understanding that results from shared experiences and affections does seem to create a close and lasting relationship

A．we are usually friends with only a few

B．many factors can affect friendship and relationship

C．people want to do friends favors and hate to let them down

D．argument and discussion can improve personal relationships

E．we consider things like age，race，looks，economic and social status，etc

F．we pay attention to actual behavior，facial expression，and the way a person speaks

G．there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the relationship between two people

 

 

III．阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节  阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Now in his senior year in Bowdoin College, a small, elite liberal-arts（文科）college in Masine, Chen Yongfang has become such a devotee of the liberal-arts approach that he’s made it his mission to spread the word throughout China. He has coauthored a book called A True Liberal Arts Education, which essentially explains the little-known concept to Chinese students and their parents. Though there have been many books about how to get into Ivy League universities, “there was not a single book in China about the smaller liberal-arts colleges,” he says.

The book, which Chen wrote with friends Ye Lin and Wan Li, who also attend small U. S. colleges, touts（兜售）such benefits as intimate classes (the student-to-faculty ratio at Bowdoin is 9:1) and professors who focus on teaching rather than research. Chen, 23, explains that he was won over by Bowdoin’s commitment to nurturing skills for life, rather than simply for the workplace. “Liberal arts is abut fostering your identity,” he says. “They want to cultivate your mind.” He admits that liberal arts may be a hard sell in a country with an increasingly competitive job market. The book states bluntly that in the short term, a liberal-arts education won’t improve job prospects. “In China, employers are looking for someone who can come in and start working immediately when they graduate, not someone who still needs to be trained in practical skills,” Chen says.

The book, which received wide media coverage in China and now has a waiting list for its second print run, is certainly timely: it plays into a growing debate in China about what national universities should be teaching. The country needs a workforce with the skills and creativity to help move away from low-cost manufacturing and, in economic terms, move up the value chain. And some educators believe liberal-arts training is vital to help China deal with its increasingly complex new realities. Yet the well-known intellectual historian Xu Jilin believes that China’s rapid expansion of higher education has had a detrimental effect on curriculum as the country’s universities race to compete globally. “Education these days in like factory-farming chickens,” he says. “Universities all wan to get into international rakings—and most of these depend on research. They’re not interested in providing a unique education for our kids.”

1．According to Chen Yongfang, the benefits of attending liberal-arts colleges are the following EXCEPT        .

         A．closer relationship with tutors

         B．teachers more devoted to teaching

         C．practical skills for getting a job in China

         D．development in mind and life-long ability

2．It can be inferred from the passage that        .

         A．the teaching quality in big research universities not as good as small colleges

         B．it is more difficult for liberal-arts graduates to find a job because employers don’t believe that they can perform well

         C．literal-arts education is of little help to China’s economic development

         D．research universities received more Chinese applicants than smaller liberal-arts colleges

3．The word “detrimental” in Para.3 probably means “_________.”

         A．instant       B．rewarding C．damaging  D．obvious

4．According to Xu Jilin,___________.

         A．the expansion of higher education has improved the competitive strength of China’s universities

         B．Chinese universities are providing the same courses as foreign universities

         C．many universities are not paying enough attention to teaching

         D．research should gain more attention in order to improve China’s universities’ rankings

5．This passage is most probably adapted from_________.

         A．an article introducing liberal arts

         B．an article introducing the book A True Liberal Arts Education

         C．an article criticizing China’s higher education

         D．an advertisement for Bowdoin College

 

Everyone wants some degree of success. Many people believe that they deserve (值得)success simply because they believe that they deserve success. But there is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential (有影响的)  friends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted（升职） to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors (上司). This injustice discouraged the young engineer and many of her colleagues（同事）. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been.

At the same, we should not be pessimistic (悲观的). More and more then modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their faces fit. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, “This can’t be right! $ 100 just for tapping（敲打） a machine with a hammer ?” The engineer wrote out a new bill: “For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap. $99.”

The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because _____.

A. it was politically less good for the boss to accept her than the man

B. her boss did not think she had the right qualifications for the job

C. the man who got the promotion was more experienced than she was

D. it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than for her male colleague

The engineer who repaired the machine was right in charging $ 100 because____.

A. he hit the machine to get it started again

B. the factory owner could not have repaired it himself

C. he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills

D. he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with it

What can we learn about the author’s attitude toward the widespread belief that “people get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it”?

A. He quite agrees with it.         

B. He doesn’t express his opinion his opinion at it.

C. He completely disagrees with it.          

D. He doesn’t quite agree with it.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimes.

B. The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner.

C. Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted.

D. Those who are good in their jobs are still largely needed by the modern society.

American scientists have developed the first material that repairs itself. The material is a form of plastic that has been engineered to fill breaks in its surface.

Plastics are used today in everything from airplane wings to hundreds of object found in the home. Scientists wanted to find a way to make objects made of plastic last longer. The researchers hope their new discovery can be used to make objects that are difficult or impossible to replace.

The surface of plastic objects breaks over time. Very small breaks develop every time a plastic object is used. The researchers wanted to find out how to stop plastic from developing small breaks that weaken and destroy it. They found the answer in the chemical structure（构造）of plastic itself.

Plastic is made of monomers（单体）. These monomers link together to form polymers（聚合物）. Polymers give plastic its ability to be shaped and its strength. The research team found a way to make plastic that contains very small balloons filled with monomer liquid（液体）. When the new plastic cracks（裂开）, the monomer liquid is let out and flows into the crack. Thus the break is repaired. The repaired plastic has seventy – five percent of the strength of undamaged plastic.

The new self – repairing plastic is not yet ready for production. But it has several possible uses. One could be in space vehicles where parts cannot be repaired or replaced. Another possible use might be in bridges. And it could be used in people, to replace bone joints that have become broken or damaged.

72．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?

A．Ever-Lasting Material Invented.

B．The Chemical Structure of Plastic.

C．Plastic that Repairs Itself.

D．Small Balloons that Makes Plastic Stronger.

73．We know from the passage that the repair is done as        .

A．the cracked plastic parts are changed

B．the plastic is made

C．the liquid is put into the plastic cracks

D．the plastic cracks

74．The scientist are planning to use the new material in space vehicles, bridges and people because         .

A．the plastic parts in them are required to last longer

B．the plastic parts in them are easily broken or damaged

C．the new material cannot be used elsewhere

D．they want to experiment in these places first

75．What can we know about the new material mentioned in the passage?

A．It is a kind of liquid that is commonly used.

B．It is more difficult to make than common plastics.

C．Its surface does not crack so easily as other ones.

D．It makes it difficult or impossible to replace plastic objects.

 

Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.

In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast， but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London， Paris and New York in that. It is different when one wants to walk.

At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Street. But the streets near the Ginze in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot， and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite； there are just too many of them.

The worst time to be in the street is at 11：30 at night. That is when the nightclubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35,000 nightclubs in Tokyo， and you do not often see one that is empty.

During the day， most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. At most stations， trains arrive every two or three minutes， but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains. Although they are usually crowded， Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep， whether his journey is long or short.

In Tokyo， I stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines raced past on the way to one of the many fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.

1.Tokyo is different from London in that　　　　.

A. there are many traffic jams        

B. nightclubs are sometimes empty

C. wherever I want to be， it’s too crowded       

D. it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot

2. According to the passage， Japanese trains 　　　　.

A. are always punctual

B. often delay at most situations

C. are crowded because they are often late

D. are the last means people use to travel to and from work

3.What is the story mainly about？

A. The writer’s impression of Tokyo.

B. The reasons why the writer loves Tokyo.

C. Different means of transportation in Tokyo.

D. Many surprises that Tokyo has brought to the writer.

4.Fires break out 　　　　 in Tokyo according to the writer.

A. very seldom                              B. quite frequently

C. three times a day                              D. the most often in the world

5.Which of the following is NOT true about Tokyo？

A. Tokyo people are friendly.

B. There are more trains than cars.

C. Fire-engines are very busy in the city.

D. The streets become more crowded at 11：30 at night.