Among all the fast growing science and technology，the research of human genes，or biological engineering as people call it，is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.

The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with，such as cancer and heart disease. Every year millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date，doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied，not only these two diseases can be cured completely，bringing happiness and more living days to the patients，but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved，therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition，human life span(寿命）can be prolonged.

Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families，with the English imperial family being a good example，have hereditary(遗传的)diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease，which is a great trouble for these families. In the past，doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.

Some people are worrying the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years，scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep，therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities，for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course，the governments must take care to control gene technology.

49. What does “these two killers” in the second paragraph refer to?

    A. Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.

    B. The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.

    C. The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.

    D. Hereditary diseases and cancer.

50. What's the main idea of the third paragraph?

    A. Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.

    B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.

    C. How gene technology can be used to treat hereditary diseases.  

    D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.

51. In what way gene technology help to treat hereditary diseases?

    A. Gene technology helps people with hereditary diseases to live longer

    B. Using gene technology，scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it

    C. Using gene technology，human babies can be cloned.

    D. Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.

52. What is the main purpose of writing this passage? 

    A. Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people.

    B. Telling people the advantages of gene technology.

    C. Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.

    D. Expressing that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity

Among all the fast growing science and technology，the research of human genes，or biological engineering as people call it，is drawing more and more attention now．Sometimes it’s a hot topic discussed by people．

The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with，such as cancer and heart disease．Every year，millions of people are murdered by these two killers．And to date，doctors have not found an effective way to cure them．But if the gene technology is applied，not only these two diseases can be cured completely，bringing happiness and more living days to the patients，but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved，therefore it benefits the economy as well．In addition，human life span（寿命） can be prolonged．

Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children．Some families，with the English imperial（皇帝的） family being a good example，have hereditary（遗传的） diseases．This means their children will for sure have the family disease，which is a great trouble for these families．In the past，doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases．But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly．Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it，and a healthy child will be born．

Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture（生产） human beings in large quantities．In the past few years，scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned．But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities，for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way．Of course，the governments must take care to control gene technology．

1．What does "these two killers" in the second paragraph refer to?

A．Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases．

B．The two murderers who killed the cloned baby．

C．The two diseases of cancer and heart disease．

D．Hereditary diseases and cancer．

2．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby．

B．Gene technology can be used to clone human babies．

C．How gene technology can be used to treat hereditary diseases．

D．Gene technology can solve all the problems of the English imperial family．

3．In what way can gene technology help to treat hereditary diseases?

A．Gene technology helps people with hereditary diseases to live longer．

B．Using gene technology，scientists find the wrong gene and correct it．

C．Using gene technology，human babies can be cloned．

D．Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology．

4．What is the main purpose of writing this passage?

A．Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people．

B．Telling people the advantages and disadvantages of gene technology．

C．Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people．

D．Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity．

　　The way people hold to the belief that a fun - filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably(不可避免的)brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (义务), self - improvement.
Ask a bachelor(单身汉)why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates（解放） time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _______ .
A. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the author’s opinion is ________ .
A. a rewarding task                  B. a thankless job
C. a moral duty                     D. a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________
A. hatred　　 B. ignorance      C. prejudice　　　D. misunderstanding
4. To understand what true happiness is one must ________ .
A. have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime
B. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. It is important to make commitments
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual（知识的） opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
【小题1】By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave  

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals  

“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes （糖尿病） . Believing my career （职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it----the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”  

Karen Pickering  

Swimming World Champion  

“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success―you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. “Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”  

Kirsten Best  

Poet ＆ Writer  

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的） tool.”  

 　　60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

　　A. Difficulties influenced his career.

　　B. Specialists offered him medical advice.

　　C. Training helped him defeat his disease.

　　D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

　　61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

　　A. Her training schedule.

　　B. Her daily happenings.

　　C. Her achievements.

　　D. Her sports career.

　　62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

　　A. Ways that help one to focus.

　　B. Words that help one to feel less tense.

　　C. Activities that turn one's attention away.

　　D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

　　63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?

　　A. Courage.

　　B. Devotion.

　　C. Hard work.

　　D. Self-confidence.