题目列表(包括答案和解析)
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" 一 the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代树).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes 一 one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接級) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust.
51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ______.
A. larger in size B. closer lo them
C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against
52. Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?
A. Altenlion. B. Softness.
C. Confidence. D. Interest.
53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ______.
A. it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C. il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D. it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around
54. Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ______.
A. give the reasons for (he experiment
B. present the findings of the experiment
C. introduce the method of the experiment
D. describe the process of the experiment
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物）.
During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接触的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（长时间的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（拥抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust
【小题1】After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.
| A．larger in size | B．closer to them |
| C．less frightening and less disturbing | D．more comfortable to rub against |
| A．Attention | B．Softness | C．Confidence | D．Interest |
| A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys |
| B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards |
| C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting |
| D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around |
| A．give the reasons of the experiment |
| B．present the findings of the experiment |
| C．introduce the method of the experiment |
| D．describe the process of the experiment |
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物）.
During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接触的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（长时间的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（拥抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust
1.After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.
A．larger in size B．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbing D．more comfortable to rub against
2.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A．Attention B．Softness C．Confidence D．Interest
3.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
4.The main purpose of the passage is to______________.
A．give the reasons of the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment
The basic meaning of“pet”is an animal we keep for emotional (情感的) rather than economic reasons. A pet animal is __1__ as a companion, and we all need companions to keep as feeling happy.__2__ pets offer more than mere(only) companionship: they invite us to love and be loved. Many __3__ feel their pets understand them, for animals are __4__ to sense anger and sorrow. Often a cat or dog can comfort us __5__ when human words don't help. We feel loved, too, by the way pets __6__ us for a home, for food and drink. Dogs __7__， look up to their owners, __8__ makes them feel important and needed.
A pet can be something __9__ to each member of the family, another baby to the mother, a sister or brother to a(n) __10__ child, a grandchild to the elderly, but for all of us pets provide __11__ and companionship. It has __12__ been suggested that tiny pets __13__ be sent as companions to astronauts on space ships, to help reduce the stress (紧张) and __14__ of space flights.
In this Plastic Age, when most of us live in large cities, pets are particularly important for __15__. A pet in the family keeps people in __16__ with the more natural，animal world. Seeing an animal give birth brings understanding of the naturalness of childbirth, and seeing a pet __17__ helps a child to cope with sorrow. Learning to __18__ a pet helps a child to grow up into a loving adult who feels __19__ toward those dependent on them. Rightly we teach children to be good to their pets. They should learn, too, that pets are __20__ for us human beings.
1. A. known B. looked upon C. treated D. kept
2. A. But B. However C. So D. Otherwise
3. A. masters B. owners C. bosses D. hosts
4. A. slow B. quick C. easy D. difficult
5. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at no time
6. A. depend on B. live on C. wait on D. look on
7. A. especially B. hardly C. hopefully D. entirely
8. A. it B. who C. which D. what
9. A. dangerous B. necessary C. the same D. different
10. A. single B. only C. separate D. alone
11. A. loss B. love C. trouble D. pleasure
12. A. ever B. even C. never D. probably
13. A. would B. could C. should D. must
14. A. loneliness B. distance C. darkness D. weight
15. A. housewives B. children
C. grown－ups D. relatives
16. A. connection B. conversation
C. touch D. love
17. A. die B. suffer C. cry D. fight
18. A. pay for B. ask for C. call for D. care for
19. A. comfortable B. suitable
C. valuable D. responsible
20. A. fit B. good C. expensive D. bad
The human body is a living machine ,and, like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃.The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart below shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.
The energy in food is mainly in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（糖类）,protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm（calories per gram） of energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the second chart shows.
Chart Ⅰ
| CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY | |
| BABY | 750 |
| OFFICE WORKER | 2 700 |
| CHILD AGED 8 | 2 100 |
| WOMAN FEEDING BABY | 2 700 |
| MAN OVER 70 | 2 100 |
| BOY AGED 16 | 3 000 |
| WOMAN | 3 600 |
| FARMER | 2 600 |
Chart Ⅱ
|
| FAT | PROTEIN | CARBOHYDRATE |
| MILK | 30% | 30% | 40% |
| RICE | 5% | 10% | 85% |
| PEANUTS | 60% | 30% | 10% |
1.____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water from 35 ℃ to 90 ℃?
A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275
2.If you lack for calories to support your running activities you’d better take more ____.
A. milk B. peanuts C. rice D. milk and rice
3.We may learn from the charts that ____.
A. a child aged eight requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does
B. a boy aged sixteen requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged eight does
C. a mother with a baby to feed uses up more calories than a hard-working farmer each day
D. an old man needs less calories than an 8-year-old boy on account of his less movement
4.Which of the following statements agrees with the passage and the charts above?
A. You need more calories for swimming that for mountain climbing.
B. If you take an equal amount of Vitamin containing the calories you need, you don’t need to eat any food at all.
C. Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age, sex and the activities they are in.
D.3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm.
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