完形填空

　　People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without 1 to or sometimes without even realizing 2 . Moat Americans have 3 been out of the country and have very 4 experience with foreigners. But they are usually natural, friendly and open, and 5 meeting new people, having guests and, 6 people together formally (正式) or informally. They use first names in most 7 and speak freely about themselves. 8 if your American hosts do something that makes you 9 , try to let them know 10 . you feel. Most people will 11 your honesty and try 12 you uncomfortable again. 13 you'll all learn something about another culture!

　　Many travelers fin it 14 to meet people in the U. S. than in 15 countries. They may just 16 and introduce themselves or even invite you 17 before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said 18 superficially (表面) friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just 19 just 20 anywhere else, it takes time to become 21 friends with people in the US.

　　If and when you 22 American friends, they will probably enjoy 23 you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud 24 you, it's probably because they 25 . Relax and enjoy it!

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The Japanese have always loved fresh fish. But the waters close to Japan have not held many fish for decades. So fishing boats went farther than ever.but If the return trip took more than a few days, the fish were not fresh. The Japanese did not like the taste.
Then fishing companies equipped their boats with freezers. They would freeze them at sea. Freezers allowed the boats to go farther and stay longer. However, the Japanese could taste the difference between fresh and frozen and they did not like frozen fish. 
So fishing boats were equipped with fish tanks. They would  stuff  fish in the tanks（水槽）,fin（ 鱼翅）to fin .After a little thrashing(颠簸) around, the fish stopped moving. They were tired and dull, but alive. Unfortunately, the Japanese could still taste the difference. The Japanese preferred the lively taste of fresh fish, not sluggish fish.
To keep the fish tasting fresh, the Japanese fishing companies still put the fish in the tanks. But now they add a small shark to each tank. The shark eats a few fish, but most of the fish arrive in a very lively state. The fish are challenged.
Have you realized that some of us are also living in a tank but most of the time tired & dull, so we need a Shark in our life to keep us awake and moving.  If your challenges are the correct size, and if you are regularly defeating those challenges, you are Conqueror. You think of your challenges and get energized. You are excited to try new solutions. You are alive! Here is some advice for you :
1. Instead of avoiding challenges, jump into them and enjoy the game. If your challenges are   too large or too numerous, do not give up. Instead, reorganize. Find more determination, more knowledge, more help.
2. God didn't promise days without pain, laughter(笑) without sorrow, sun without rain, but he did promise strength for the day, comfort for the tears and light for the way.
3. Disappointments are like road blocks, they slow you down a bit but you enjoy the smooth road afterwards. Don't stay on the bumps too long. Move on!

1. 1.

   Why did fishing companies equip their boats with freezers?

   1. A.
      to keep the fish taste fresh
   2. B.
      to increase the price of the fish
   3. C.
      to avoid challenges in the market
   4. D.
      to keep the fish alive
2. 2.

   Which of the following is right?

   1. A.
      The Japanese don’t like sluggish fish, so the Japanese fishing companies won’t put the fish in the tanks
   2. B.
      Since the waters close to Japan have not held many fish for decades, they have to go farther to catch fish
   3. C.
      Road blocks slow you down and stop you going on
   4. D.
      If your challenges are too large or too numerous, give it up first
3. 3.

   The topic of the passage may be ______.

   1. A.
      avoid challenges
   2. B.
      keep your life active
   3. C.
      ways to keep fish fresh
   4. D.
      some advice for you
4. 4.

   “we need a Shark in our life to keep us awake and moving”means ______.

   1. A.
      we need challenges of too large or too numerous to make us energized
   2. B.
      we have to accept being beaten by those challenges in life
   3. C.
      You are excited to try new solutions
   4. D.
      The society we live in is like the fish tank,we need some challenges to keep us energized

阅读理解

　　By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder (蝰蛇). In Scotland, in fact, there are no other kinds of poisonous snakes. It can be found almost anywhere, but it prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.

　　Most people regard snakebites as deadly, but not an bites are serious, and very few are deadly. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with someone heroically, but mistakenly, trying do - it - yourself surgery and other unnecessary measure.

　　All shakes have small teeth, so it follows that all shakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them .The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.

　　The effect of a bite varies considerable. It depends upon several things, One of which is the body - weight of person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.

　　Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many eases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.

1．Adders are to be found ________.

[　　]

A．in many parts of Britain and Ireland

B．everywhere in Britain except Scotland

C．on wild land throughout Britain except Ireland

D．in shady fields in Scotland

2．If you are with someone who is bitten by fin adder, you should ________.

[　　]

A．try to catch the adder

B．make no attempt to treat the bite by yourself

C．not worry about the victim

D．operate On him as soon as possible

3．We are told that adders are ________.

[　　]

A．normally friendly towards people

B．unlikely to bite except in self - defence

C．fond of attacking anyone in their territory

D．not afraid of human beings

4．In general, British people think snakes are ________.

[　　]

A．not very common in Britain

B．not all very dangerous

C．capable of killing people by their bites

D．no threat to human beings

As dangerous as sharks may have seed to people after watching Jaws, which was released on June 20,1975, the recent disastrous decrease in their numbers show that people have proven far more dangerous to sharks.

    This disastrous decline is due in large part to commercial fishing of sharks. “The market for

shark fins（鱼翅）in East Asia opened up thanks to changes in their economy, increasing their

ability to spend money on things such as shark fin soup,” Burgess said.

However, the biggest worry for sharks and their relatives, the skates and rays, which are suffering a similar fate, “is how they are killed incidentally when fishermen try and take other fish—the problem of bycatch（渔业混获）,” Burgess explained. “They may be thrown back afterward, but they’re still dead.”

The key of the problems behind bringing sharks back is that “they’re not the same as other fish,” Burgess said, “Sharks are slow growing and slow to reach maturity. Sharks are live bearers, which means females keep their young in their body just like us, but instead of nine months, it takes 12 to 18 months or more in sharks. Also, sharks generally can’t give birth again until a year after they’ve given birth—sometimes they’re on a three-year cycle. So once you get a shark population knocked down, this ‘life in the slow lane’ means that recovery is measured in decades rather than years.”\

Burgess said, “I’m on the recovery team for it, but the recovery plan for that is over the course of 100 years. So I won’t see them recover, nor will you, nor will your children. That’s what it means when these animals go down—they’re down a long time.”

Any measures aimed at saving sharks must not only consider byeatch, “which is the real killer right now,” but also encourage interactional cooperation, Burgess said.

“Sharks are very migratory, and many species cross borders,” he said. “We can protect them only by getting many govemment to come aboard. That’s the hardest part about this.”

The text mainly tells us       .

       A．shark fins are valuable    B．sharks are dangerous

       C．bycatch brings bad effects       D．sharks are in danger

The number of sharks is decreasing mostly because of      .

       A．the film Jaws          B．commercial interests

       C．changes in economy D．shark fin soup

Bringing sharks back is difficult because      .

       A．they’re like the other fish      

       B．their reproductive rate is slow

       C．they can’t give birth again     

       D．their life cycle is only 3 years

What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

       A．Sharks live the way human beings do.

       B．It’s time many govemments cooperate.

       C．Sharks’ migration takes a very long time.

       D．Bycatch shouldn’t be forbidden by intemational laws.

The test is most probably a        .

       A．newspaper ad          B．book review

       C．science news report  D．science fiction story