Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into."
To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical (统计学 ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained,  "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. '
Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day."
Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants （抗氧化物）in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers."
【小题1】This passage is probably taken from __

The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages--- the taxis of those days to get around .

The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day . If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to get to and from work they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground--- the first subway system was born . The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays but the first track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the first underground track which was six kilometers 3.7 miles long. About30000 people got on the subway the first day . Riders were treated to comfortable seats, standing up while the train was moving was not allowed, and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars.

However the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems riding the Underground did become popular. It carried nine million riders in its first year. Modern subways have come a long way since the early days of the London Under ground. Today there are 94 large underground rapid transit systems around the world . The busiest of these subway systems is the Tokyo Metro which opened in 1927.This efficient subway has two billion riders per year and “porters ” work on the platforms during busy traffic hours to help push riders onto trains. At times subway cars have been packed with up to 300 people Shopping malls built in high traffic stations where riders move from one train to another have also helped the popularity of subways in Tokyo. Stations like the famous Ginza Sugo Eki Ginza Consolidated Station include underground department store supermarkets restaurants and specialty shops. Shoppers never have to go above ground

1.What is the best title for this passage (Please answer within 10 words)

2.Why Shoppers never have to go above ground ? (Please answer within 10 words)

3.What problems led the British government to build the London Under ground(Please answer within 10 words)

4.Which sentence can be replaced by the following------ Although there were such problems people loved to take subways.

5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.     

Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.

Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into."

    To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical (统计学 ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained,  "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. '

Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day."

Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants （抗氧化物）in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers."

1.This passage is probably taken from __

A. a literature book                          B. a travel journal

C. an old directory                       D. a medical magazine

2.Dr. Hashibe expected nothing of her research because __

A. it was impossible to get the desired result   B. the research was much surprising in fact

C. no conclusions had been reached before    D. the research team lacked faith in success

3.Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer?

A. Coffee without chemicals.                   B. Coffee without caffeine.

C. Four cups of tea a day.                 D. Antioxidants in coffee.

4.What do we know about Dr. Mia Hashibe and her research?

A. She knew for sure how coffee may affect drinkers.

B. She included 4,000 people without cancer in study.

C. She found an effect for three cups of coffee a day.

D. She based her research on several earlier studies.

5.What would be the best title for the text?

A. Drinking Coffee May Protect Some Cancers     B. Drinking Coffee May Prevent Some Cancers

C. Drinking Coffee May Cure Some Caneers       D. Drinking Coffee May Cause Some Cancers

The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time，the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people. So the officials decided to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a convenient way to get to and from work，they would live outside of the city and this would help reduce the pressure. From these problems，the idea of the London Underground was born.

The plans for building the Underground met with several problems，but the first track was finally opened in January，1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the first underground track which was six kilometers long. About 30，000 people got on the subway the first day. They were treated to comfortable seats and pleasant decorations inside the cars. However，the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels. Fans had to be put in the tunnel later to keep the air  clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems，riding the Underground did become popular. It carried nine million riders in its first year.

Modem subways have come a long way since the early days of the London Underground.

Today there are more than one hundred underground systems around the world. Shopping malls built in traffic stations have helped the popularity of subways. Nowadays many stations include underground department stores，supermarkets and restaurants. Shoppers never have to go above ground !

1. What is the best title for this passage?

2. Why did the British government decide to build the London Underground?

3. When was the first track opened?

4. What does the writer mean by saying “Shoppers never have to go above ground!”?

Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into."
To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical (统计学 ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained,  "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. '
Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day."
Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants （抗氧化物）in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers."

1. 1.

   This passage is probably taken from __

   1. A.
      a literature book
   2. B.
      a travel journal
   3. C.
      an old directory
   4. D.
      a medical magazine
2. 2.

   Dr. Hashibe expected nothing of her research because __

   1. A.
      it was impossible to get the desired result
   2. B.
      the research was much surprising in fact
   3. C.
      no conclusions had been reached before
   4. D.
      the research team lacked faith in success
3. 3.

   Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer?

   1. A.
      Coffee without chemicals.
   2. B.
      Coffee without caffeine.
   3. C.
      Four cups of tea a day.
   4. D.
      Antioxidants in coffee.
4. 4.

   What do we know about Dr. Mia Hashibe and her research?

   1. A.
      She knew for sure how coffee may affect drinkers.
   2. B.
      She included 4,000 people without cancer in study.
   3. C.
      She found an effect for three cups of coffee a day.
   4. D.
      She based her research on several earlier studies.
5. 5.

   What would be the best title for the text?

   1. A.
      Drinking Coffee May Protect Some Cancers
   2. B.
      Drinking Coffee May Prevent Some Cancers
   3. C.
      Drinking Coffee May Cure Some Caneers
   4. D.
      Drinking Coffee May Cause Some Cancers