【题目】写出下列形容词或副词的比较级与最高级形式。
1. long_______ ______,wide_______ ______,fat_______ _______
2. heavy_______ _____,slow_______ ______,few_______ _______
3. brightly______ _____,bad_______ _______,far_______ _______
4. quickly______ ______,happy______ ______,thin_______ ______
5. little______ ______,good_______ _______,tall_______ ______
6. many______ ______,big_______ _______,fast_______ ______
7. large______ ______,beautiful_______ _______
【答案】⑴long - longer-longest, wide-wider-widest, fat-fatter-fattest;
⑵heavy -heavier-heaviest, slow-slower-slowest, few-fewer-fewest,
⑶brightly -more brightly-the most brightly,
bad -worse-worst,
far-farther/further-farthest/fur thest,
⑷quickly -more quickly-the most quickly,
happy -happier-happiest,
thin-thinner-thinnest,
⑸little -less-least, good-better-best, tall-taller-tallest,
⑹many -more-most, big-bigger-biggest,fast-faster-fastest,
⑺large -larger-largest, beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful。
【解析】
第一种:所有单音节和部分双音节如何变比较级和最高级。
a) 一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级,例如:strong-stronger-strongest small-smaller-smallest ,hard-harder -hardest ,fast-faster-fastest。
b) 如果以e结尾,只加r 和st ,例如:nice-nicer-nicest ,fine-finer-finest。
c) 以重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和est,例如:sad-sadder-saddest ,big-bigger-biggest ,hot-hotter-hottest。
d) 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加er和est,例如: angry-angrier-angriest, early-earlier-earliest,hungry-hungrier-hungriest。
e) 开放类副词即形容词结尾加ly变成的副词加more或most。如quickly -more quickly –the most quickly,quietly-more quietly –the most quietly,slowly-more slowly-the most slowly。
[注]:early中的ly不是后缀,故把y变i再加er和est。
第二种:大部分三音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级,加most变最高级。
如:different -more different –the most different,beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful,
expensive - more expensive-the most expensive。
但是,以形容前缀un开头的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappy, untidy,我们可以说:unhappier - unhappiest, untidier-untidiest
第三种:不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
good / well - better- best badly/bad / ill - worse - worst
many/ much - more -most little - less - least
far- farther-farthest 或 further-furthest
名师解析:根据以上变化规则可以得出,
a) 比较级或最高级直接加er或est的有:long、slow、few、tall、fast。
b) 单词以e结尾的有:wide、large。
c) 需要双写末尾字母再加er或est的有:fat、thin、big。
d) 需要变y为i,再加er或est的有:heavy、happy。
e) 比较级或最高级需要在词前加more或者most的:brightly、quickly、beautiful。
f) 不规则的变化的单词:bad、far、little、good、many。
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