Many people begin to use pencils from an early age．There are many kinds of pencils：some have erasers on top；some are colorful．You may have used many kinds of them for many years，but do you know the history of pencils?
Many years ago，people in Egypt used lead（铅）to write．Now，pencils are made from graphite（石墨）instead of lead．In l564，people found that graphite could leave black marks．In the beginning，the people used it to make marks on their sheep．Later they used the graphite to write．They thought it was lead．Graphite left a blacker mark than lead，but it was not strong enough so it needed something to hold it．
In 1565，Conrad Gesner first put graphite into something to hold it．Later，in the 1600s，German people mixed graphite with some other things and used them for writing．Later，France couldn't get pencils from both the English and the Germans，so Nicholas Jacques Conte began to make pencils．In France，there was little graphite，so he mixed graphite with clay（粘土）．
In 1812，William Munroe made the fist American wood pencils．Later，a man put a small eraser on top of a pencil．A new kind of pencil was born．
1．People began to write with lead first in ________．
A．Egypt B．England C．Germany
2．Graphite is ________ than lead．
A．blacker and softer B．blacker and harder C．softer and lighter
3．The first people to mix graphite with other materials are ________．
A．English B．German C．French
4．The first person to put graphite into something to hold is ________．
A．William Munroe B．Nicholas Jacques Conte
C．Conrad Gesner
5．The passage is mainly about the ________ of pencils．
A．kinds B．history C．materials
科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年湖北武汉市武昌区北片八年级上学期期中考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
阅读理解
We can not live a modern life without traveling. The fastest way of traveling is by air. With a plane
one can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to a hundred years ago.
Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but one can see the country he is traveling through.
Modern trains have comfortable seats and dinning-cars. They make even the longest journey enjo
yable.
Some people prefer to travel by sea when possible. There are large luxury liners or river boats
.They are not as fast as trains or planes, but traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holi
day.
Many people like to travel by car. They can make their own timetable. They can travel hundred
s of miles a day, just as their wish. They can stop wherever they want to see something interestin
g or to enjoy a good meal at a good restaurant, or to spend the night at a hotel. That is why peopl
e choose traveling by car for pleasant trips, while they usually take trains or planes for business.1.According to the passage, the fastest way of traveling is _______.
|
A．bycar |
B．bytrain |
C．byplane |
D．bysea |
2. If we travel by car, we can _________.
|
A．enjoythelongestjourney |
B．travelonlyfiftymilesaday |
|
C．makeourowntimetable |
D．traveltoaveryfarplaceinafewminutes. |
3. When people travel on business, they usually take _________.
|
A．aboatoratrain |
B．acaroratrain |
|
C．aplaneoracar |
D．atrainoraplane |
4. _______ have comfortable seats and dinning-cars.
|
A．Cars |
B．Moderntrains |
C．Planes |
D．Buses |
5.If possible, people like traveling by sea because _______ .
|
A．itisasfastastrainsandplanes |
|
B．itisapleasantwaytospendaholiday |
|
C．itisverycheap |
|
D．itcanstopwherevertheylike |
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科目：初中英语 来源：0110 期末题 题型：阅读理解
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Bob always took the newspaper to Grandpa White’s home last before heading for home. Grandpa White’s was at the end of the road. Bob liked Grandpa White. He often waited for him near the front gate with sweets or nice cakes. Besides, he often asked Bob about things he was doing—about what he was going to do for the summer and what he liked to do.
The thing that Bob didn’t like about Grandpa was his never-endless stories about his boyhood in California. Bob never asked to hear about Grandpa’s boyhood, but he couldn’t get away.
After grandpa’s wife died in October, Bob could see that Grandpa was lonelier than ever. He would often join Bob halfway along the road and walk along with him as he gave out the papers. Bob didn’t want to complain, but customers were unhappy.
1. When he took the newspapers to Grandpa, Bob would often receive .
A. old newspapers B. sweets or cakes
C. some money D. a paper with questions for him to answer
2. Which do you think is true?
A. Bob lived with Grandpa White.
B. Grandpa didn’t like to read newspapers.
C. Grandpa had many stories about his boyhood.
D. Bob took the newspaper to Grandpa first.
3. Bob could do nothing when .
A. Grandpa began to tell his boyhood
B. the customers got their newspapers late
C. he saw Grandpa feeling lonely
D. grandpa asked him about the things he was doing.
4. The passage mainly tells us that .
A. Bob was still a child B. Grandpa liked to tell stories
C. The customers sometimes got angry D. Lonely people need other peopl
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