阅读理解

　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business．But he was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera．He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden．That was the first photo．

　　The next important date in the history of photography(摄影)was in 1837．That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room．He used a new kind of camera in a different way．In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing．This kind of photo was called Daguerreotype．

　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way．Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world．People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains．

　　In about 1840, photography was developed．Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things．That was not simple．The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines．But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard．Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer．He took many pictures of great people．The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)．

　　Photography also became a kind of art by the end of the 19th century．Some photos were not just copies of the real world．They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms．

Answer the following questions according to what you read．

1．Who took the first photo?

2．The Daguerreotype was a kind of photo, wasn’t it?

3．If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in 1840, what did he have to do?

4．Why was Mathew Brady famous?

5．When did photography become a kind of art?

阅读短文，并按要求完成下题。

　　What’s your idea of a perfect mom?In America, moms of the 1950s and 60s in the TV plays were the“perfect”examples．They always made freshly cooked meals and had a tidy house．It was their full-time job to care for the children and the home．It meant that the home was the real centre of mothers’ lives．But that was 40-50 years ago．Times have changed, and so have the roles of moms．

　　In the U．S．, in 1960s, society began to change．The women’s liberation movement(妇女解放运动)caused women to question their traditional and solid roles．And women began leaving their homes to get jobs or go back to school．Society changed in Asia, too．Fifty years later, it becomes normal for mothers to work outside the home without the exception(例外)．This is true in both America and Asia．

　　Mothers today serve as presidents, CEOs, university teachers and airline pilots．In fact, they can be found in every profession(职业)．But most people will tell you, their most important job is still being a mom．

1题为判断正误(“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误)；2－4题为简略回答问题；5题为英译汉。

1．Moms work outside the home in both America and Asia now．

________________________________________．

2．Do mothers only work in some special professions today?

________________________________________．

3．When did women begin leaving their homes to get jobs in the U．S．?

________________________________________．

4．According to the passage, what is the most important job for a perfect mom?

________________________________________．

5．Put the underlined sentence in the passage into Chinese．

________________________________________．

阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。

　　One cool April 22 morning, people started the day as usual．Yet it was not a normal day．What’s so special about April 22?The answer is simple．It is Earth Day．People all over the world celebrate this important day．The idea of having a special day to celebrate Earth began in the 1960s．Life was very different then．Few people talked or even thought about the environment．Most people had no idea how dirty our air and water were．

　　On April 22, 1970, twenty million(百万)Americans joined the first Earth Day activities．They showed that people really did want to do something about the environment．Since then laws have been passed to protect the air, water, land, and animals．

　　The vehicles such as cars and buses you ride in must pass tests to make sure they don’t cause too much pollution．Thanks to this law, cars today release(排放)about half as many bad chemicals as cars did back in 1970．As a result, the air we breathe is cleaner than it once was．

　　Rivers and lakes are also cleaner today than they were in the 1970s．It’s a good thing because they needed a lot of help．The Cuyahoga River in Ohio was so polluted that rubbish and oil on the river even caught fire!Today, the river is cleaner．It no longer burns．It’s healthy enough for birds, fish, and other animals．

　　Now the celebration has spread to other countries．More than 175 countries take

　　part each year．

　　In 2007, people in China paid much attention to a big problem．People were throwing away 27 million plastic bags a day!People had “Bye-Bye Throwaway Culture Week．” They wanted everyone to see how polluted it was to throw away so many plastic bags．In 2008, China passed new laws against them．

　　Every April 22, millions get together to clean and protect Earth．They also celebrate how far we have come．Our job is to put this knowledge to work．You can help keep our planet healthy too!

1．Is Earth Day on April 22?

2．What caught fire on the Cuyahoga River?

3．How many countries take part in the celebration each year now?

4．Why did Chinese people have“Bye-Bye Throwaway Culture Week”?

5．What the purpose of celebrating the Earth Day?

下面是关于Scotland(苏格兰)的简单介绍，请仔细阅读，然后在表格里墙上有关信息，并回答问题。

Scotland lies in the northern part of Britain, with England in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the west．The country is made up of(由……组成)the mainland and many islands．Tourists come to Scotland from all over the world．The capital of Scotland, Edinburgh, is a popular tourist center．Tourists also come to see Scotland’s beautiful scenery：the Loch Ness Lake, and the Gramplians Mountains, with their highest peak, Ben Nevis(1343m)．The most important river in Scotland is the Clyde, which runs through Glasgow．Although Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, it has its own currency(货币), a separate educational and legal system(制度)and its own parliament．

Questions：

6．Does Scotland lie in the south of England?

__________________________________________

7．Can we that Scotland is between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean?

__________________________________________

8．Is Scotland a country next to the United Kingdom?

__________________________________________

9．Where do the tourists to Scotland come from?

__________________________________________

10．From this passage, how do you know the United Kingdom has more than one type of currency?

___________________________________________

阅读下面短文，简要回答所给问题。

　　Do you have a mobile phone?Do you send text messages to your friends and family?

　　Text messaging or “texting” is becoming very popular．But, scientists have discovered that texting can give us problems with our hands．Be careful!Too much texting can cause swelling in our thumbs．Our thumbs were not made for pushing small buttons, over and over．．Scientists call this problem RSI．We spoke to a doctor called Harriet Wilson, who treats many sick people with RSI．She says we need to see how much time we are spending in typing text messages．If we are spending more than 10 －15 minutes at once, we could have problems in the future．

　　As mobile phones develop, they are getting smaller with buttons closer together．Texting with a smaller phone is worse than using a larger phone with bigger buttons．Using a computer keyboard and playing video games can cause the same problem．So more and more people could find themselves with RSI．Among them, most are university students and teenagers, as they do not know the risks of spending so much time using computer, video games and mobile phones．If we don’t do something about this, too many young people could grow up in terrible pain．

1．What is becoming very popular now?

_____________________．

2．Does the word“once”mean“one time”in the second passage?

_____________________．

3．What kind of people are easier to have the problem of RSI?

_____________________．

4．What can also cause RSI except texting?

_____________________．

5．Which is easier to cause the problem of RSI, using smaller mobile phones or larger ones?

_____________________．

阅读下面短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。

　　Food is very important．Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body．1．Our minds also need a kind of food．This kind of food is knowledge．We begin to get knowledge even we are very young．2．孩子们对周围的一切都感兴趣。They learn something when they are watching and listening．When they are getting older, they begin to read storybooks, science books and anything they like．3．When they find something new, they love to ask questions and try to find out the answers．

　　4．获取知识的最佳方法是什么呢？ If we learn by ourselves, we will get the most knowledge．If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well．5．If we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better．

阅读短文，然后根据短文内容简要回答下列问题。

I had a wish to go abroad for a very long time．Finally a good chance came．Now I’m studying in the USA．My wish comes true but I am not happy here．I want to go back to China because I hate the food in the USA．People in the USA eat a lot of bread．They also like fast food and fried chicken very much．But I don’t like such food．I like Chinese food．There are many different kinds of food in China．They are all very delicious．So, I often go to the Chinese restaurants in America．The food there is nice but it is very expensive．The American people also like Chinese food very much．

1．Is the writer studying in the USA?

________________________________________

2．How does the writer feel in the USA?

________________________________________

3．Why does the writer want to go back to China?

________________________________________

4．Do Americans like American food or Chinese food?

________________________________________

5．There are many different kinds of food in China, aren’t there?

________________________________________

阅读理解

　　Do you have a goal for life?What's it?Do you want to become a writer, singer or just become a rich person?

　　A recent survey shows that in modern society, most people pick up practical goals, such as“earning money to buy a house and a car”,“to improve one's life quality”,“finding a good job”．

　　Wang You worked in a small firm(商行)in Nanjing．The job was good and he didn't have to work for extra hours．However, he felt the work was not exciting at all and the life was boring．So he gave up his job and went to Beijing in February, 2007．When he arrived in Beijing, he set his new goal as finding a good job．

　　Nowadays more and more people want to live a better life．This fact shows that the society is making progress and people's life goals have become more practical．One researcher says,“Everybody has his/her own life goal, which will be surely different from people to people．If one is poor, one's life goal will be to earn more money; if one doesn't have a diploma, studying hard to get a diploma will become his life goal; and if one doesn't have love, his life goal will be to look for it．But if one has no life goal, he will idle away(虚度)his lifetime．”

根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

1．Why did Wang You go to Beijing though he had a good job in Nanjing?

_____________________________________________

2．If a man is poor, what will his life goal be?

_____________________________________________

3．The Chinese meaning of the phrase“life quality”is ________．

4．将文中划线的句子译成汉语。

_____________________________________________

5．What's your life goal?How do you plan to achieve it?

____________________________________________

　　When we compare ourselves with great people, we may feel very ordinary(平凡的)and unimportant．However, we must remember that those great people were extraordinary(卓越的)．The world has more than 6 billion people, so it is difficult for all of us to be extraordinary．What can we do?We can try to be the best people that we can possibly be．

　　①think this means that we need to be honest and hard-working．We also need to be open-minded and kind to other people．Most importantly, we need to be ambitious(有雄心的)．We need to always set goals for ourselves and work hard to achieve these goals．

　　Madam Curie and Thomas Edison were hard-working, kind and ambitious, and they worked hard to achieve their goals．Curie gave her life to“ease(减轻)human suffering”．Edison spent his life as an inventor．He invented a camera that showed movement．Later people used cameras to make modem films．

　　A famous writer from Ireland once wrote,“We are all in the gutter(社会底层)but some of us are looking at the stars．”②I often come up with this when I am unable to achieve something．It reminds me that we are all at a lower level and that we all have a higher goal to work towards．It makes me try to be the best person that I can possibly be．

1．Is it difficult for all of us to be extraordinary according to the passage?

2．What did people use cameras to do later?

3．What is the best tide of this passage?(within ten English words)

　　In many western schools, sports day is a big event．Children take part in competitive(竞争 性的)sports, trying to break school records and take the first place．

　　Sports days, or sports meets, are usually held in the warmer seasons, either at the beginning or the end of the school year．They are also called field days．

　　Primary school sports days are fun．They usually have activities such as the egg and the spoon race and the sack race．Other events include the skipping race(跳绳)and the three-legged race．In middle and high schools, sports days include many of the common track and field events(田径项目)．They are more serious and competitive than primary school ones．

　　Students' parents and other relatives also come to the school on sports days．They watch children play．Many schools in the West have“mothers and fathers”races for parents to take part in!

　　Although sports days are exciting, they also have some problems．According to some reports in the US, sports days have become too competitive to be good for students．Some parents put too much pressure(压力)on the children．Some schools don't have ^u mothers and fathersⁿ races any more as there is much fighting and cheating．

1．What do children try to do when they take part in sports meets?

2．When are sports days usually held in the school years?

3．What are primary school and middle school sports days like?

4．Who would come to the school to watch children play on sports days?

5．What does the writer think about sports days?