Germs(细菌 ) are everywhere. You can't see them, but they are on your desk,on your computer,
and even in the air !
       Like people,germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and
other things travel around the world,germs travel,too. Some germs are safe,but some are dangerous.
Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
       The world's weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries
can move there. Some of these insects,like mosquitoes,carry dangerous germs. These germs cause
headaches, fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
       Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs,but not all. They can enter your body when
you eat,or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch
your eyes, nose , or  mouth.
Fighting Germs
       Your immune system(兔疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body,your immune
system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you
stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body
find and stop germs.
       What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.

1. According to the text,insects                  .

A. kill germs      
B. carry germs      
C. protect germs    
D.love germs

2. The underlined word "there" refers to                    .

A. cooler countries  
B. hot countries    
C. everywhere      
D. the world

3. Which of the following is RIGHT according to the text ?

A. All germs are dangerous.      
B. There are more germs in cold places.
C. Soap can kill all germs.      
D. Germs can get into your body.

4. What do antibodies do?

A. They kill germs and wash them away.    
B. They find and develop germs.
C. They help protect us from germs.        
D. They carry dangerous germs.

5. Which can be the best title for this text?

A. Germs Are Everywhere                
B. Weather Is Changing
C. Skin Stops Germs                    
D. Germs Are Developed

     During the day we work and play; at night we sleep. Our bodies rest while we sleep. In the morning we
are ready to work and play again. While we are asleep, our bodies grow most. Children who are tired usually
need more sleep. We can get our lessons better and we feel better too, when we have had plenty of rest. Boys
and girls who are eight or nine years old need ten hours of sleep every night. Our bodies need plenty of air
when we sleep. If we do not get enough fresh (新鲜的) air we'll feel tired when we wake up. While in bed
we must not cover our heads. If we do, our lungs (肺) will not get enough fresh air. If we open our windows
at night we can have plenty of fresh air. Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who want to grow and
be strong must get plenty of sleep.

1. Our bodies grow most while we are ______.

A. eating
B. playing
C. sleeping
D. waking

2. Which is better for us at night?

A. Hot air
B. Cool air
C. Warm air
D. Dry air

3. Too little sleep makes us ______.

A. happy
B. hungry
C. tired
D. grow

4. How much sleep should boys and girls of nine years have every night?

A. Eight hours
B. Nine hours
C. Ten hours
D. Eleven hours

5. What do the lungs need most?

A. Fresh air
B. Food
C. Rest
D. Exercise

     Most people have a cellphone (手机). When you are walking on a busy street, you will see many people
speaking on their phones. Many people say they can't imagine how they live without a cellphone.
     Cellphones play an important role in our daily life, such as keeping in touch with others, calling home or
the police if there is any emergency. Although cellphones can help us a lot, we must think of others when we
use them. Unfortunately, some people do not consider others when using their cellphones. For example, some
cellphone users speak too loudly and discuss personal matters in public places. Some people make phone calls
in the cinema. Some people talk for a long time on the phone while they are driving on the busy road.
Someone's cellphone will ring during an important meeting. Many people complain about these bad manners.
In their opinion, cellphone users shouldn't disturb others when they make a call.
     Then how to use a cellphone politely in public? The following rules will help you. When you're in a meeting, watching a movie or having a lesson, you'd better turn off your cellphone. When you get a call and you're with
friends, try to make the call as short as you can. If you are waiting for an important call, then make sure that
you tell others about this at the beginning of a meeting. It's rude to scream (尖叫声) or shout on the phone.
Make sure you will be heard only by the caller but not by the others around you. Besides, if possible, find a
quiet place where you can talk in private.

1. You can see many people using ________ in the street.

A. radio
B. cellphones
C. MP4

2. What's the Chinese meaning for the underlined word "emergency"? 

A. 紧急情况
B. 娱乐活动
C. 公益活动

3. People must consider ________ when they use cellphones in public.

A. themselves
B. other persons
C. their family

4. It is good manners for cellphone users to ________.

A. make phone calls in the cinema
B. talk about personal matters loudly in public
C. turn off the phone during an important meeting

5. The best title for this passage is ________.

A. Cellphone Manners
B. Cellphones Are Very Useful
C. Having a Meeting

      You can find out many things about a tree by studying its rings.
      Each year, from top to bottom, a tree grows a new layer (层) of wood around itself. If you cut across a
tree trunk or branches, you would see that these layers of wood look like rings. By counting tree rings, you can
tell how old the tree is. If you count ten rings, for example, the tree is ten years old. 
      Looking at the picture shown above, you can see that each tree ring has a dark part and a light part. The
light part wood grows in the spring, the dark part wood in winter. Look also, that some rings in the picture are
wide and others are narrow (窄). Trees grow aide rings during the years when they get a lot of water and
sun-light. By examining tree rings, you can tell what the weather may was like many years ago.
      Giant sequoia (红杉) trees, such as the one in the photo above, grow in north-western California. Some of
these sequoias have more than 3000 tree rings. Can you guess how old such a tree would be?

1. According to the story, a tree ring is a ______.

A: branch
B: layer of wood
C: giant sequoia
D: ten years old

2. A tree ring is added to a tree _______.

A: every ten years
B: every year
C: every 3000 years
D: every two years

3. The light part of a tree ring ______.

A: gets dark in the winter.
B: tells the tree's age.
C: grows in the spring.
D: gets light every year.

4. From the story, you can tell that ______.

A: all tree rings look the same.
B: most trees do not grow tree rings.
C: tree rings add to the tree's width.
D: most of the trees grow rings.

5. Look at the drawing above. If this were a slice (片) from a tree trunk, how old would the tree be?

A: Five years old.
B: five months old.
C: Six years old.
D: Ten years old.

      Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact,sometimes the 
reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. 
You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story;
you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through,
catching on the meaning of difficult words,going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole 
thing together.  Do not be discouraged if the whole passage doesn't make sense to you at first. You need to 
pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.      
       These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult; 
☆1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn't make sense to you. 
☆2. When a sentence doesn't make sense,go back and read it again more slowly. 
☆3. Look for any words you don't know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts 
and context clues (上下文线索) . If necessary,  look them up in the dictionary.  
☆4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do 
not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said. 
☆5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words. 
☆6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well.  Then read the whole passage 
once more at a usual speed.  This helps you to put all  ideas together.        
      The steps sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand 
anything that is difricult to read. After you have done the best you  can this way,you should always feel free 
to ask for help from your teacher,if you have one.

1. The underlined phrase "run into" means____.                

A. work out                              
B. come across      
C. look into                              
D. pass by 

2. From the passage, we can know___.        

A. we should look up new words before reading       
B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage       
C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English       
D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English

3. The passage is mainly about____.                 

A. steps of studying science       
B. difficulties in reading science       
C. ways of reading science passages       
D. researches on science and English

1. From the passage we know El Nino is________.

A. a powerful storm    
B. a place in Australia  
C. a weather pattern

2. The underlined word "occurs" in the passage means “ ______”  in Chinese.       

A. 发生  
B. 发展    
C. 消失

3. Picture______ shows how EI   Nino causes a drought in    Australia.

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?    

A. There was very little rainfall in eastern Australia in 1982.  
B. Many forests were destroyed in the Australian drought.    
C. The Australian government paid over ;3,000,000,000 for this drought.

5. What's the main idea of the passage?    

A. A drought happened in South America.  
B. El Nino caused a great drought in Australia.  
C. Australia got much rain during El Nino

    3.For those of us who are studying at school,the time of exams is very stressful and difficult. Some people find exam times so bad that they become ill,because they are afraid of failing;they are afraid of letting their parents and family down. If exams are really making you ill or worried,don't hide your feelings. Talk to someone about it. Maybe you can speak to a friend,or someone in your family,or teachers at your place of study. If one person doesn't help you,ask someone else.
    How to get through exams? Here are some advice: 
    Ask a teacher or tutor about how to review your lessons,and exam skills-how to work when you are in an exam.
    Take short rests during your time of work. If your mind is tired,it will not remember well.
    Plan your work:study at times when you know you will work at your best.
    Get enough sleep,and eat healthy food.
    You need exercise to work well. Walk, run, play sports-whatever you enjoy.
    Stop thinking about the future and failing.
    If you feel ill,talk to someone about your worries. But don't be too relaxed! 4. Some stress over exams makes you work hard for them.
    If it upsets you to talk to your friends about an exam when it is finished,don't do it! In fact,don't even think about the exam you have finished. What is done is done. You cannot change what you have written! 
    To this advice,we could add:
    If you are studying in the evening,don't go straight to bed. Your mind will still be  "going round and round"-thinking too much. Do something else, maybe walk or get exercise. Choose something that will relax you,and make you think of other things.

 (一)根据短文内容简要回答问题。

1. Why do some students hate exams?
   _____________________________________________________________________
2. What should you do if the exam upsets you when it is finished?
   _____________________________________________________________________
 (二)将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。
3.__________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
 (三)请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
5.__________________________________________________________________