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【题目】阅读下面这首词,完成文后各题。

蝶恋花·出塞

纳兰性德

今古河山无定据,画角声中,牧马频来去。满目荒凉谁可语?西风吹老丹枫树。

从前幽怨应无数。铁马金戈,青冢黄昏路。一往情深深几许?深山夕照深秋雨。

【1】这首词开篇有何特点?

答:

【2】简析画线句的表现手法。

答:

【答案】

【1】总领全词,点明主旨;议论开篇;奠定感情基调。

【2】以情相问,以景作答。化抽象之情为形象之景,增强了全词的抒情效果。③“深山”“夕照”“秋雨三个意象连用,委婉地表达出词人心中的孤寂、惆怅之情。

【解析】

【1】今古河山无定据一句横穿河山,纵贯今古无定据既是确凿的结论,也是深沉的感叹。全句极富概括力,明显带有议论和感情色彩。从结构上看,开篇自然起着统领全篇的作用。综合上述信息,即可形成答案。

【2】画线句中有情有景,所以应从两者结合的角度来思考回答。从形式上看,两句一问一答:问的是抽象的情深几许;答的却是深山”“夕照”“秋雨三景,很有特色,也非常形象。而且,这三景通常给人萧索、孤寂、凄苦、惆怅等感受,结合前文中荒凉”“幽怨之语和西风”“黄昏之景,可以较好地把握词人内心生发的情感。

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